不同栽植密度对叶用银杏生长量及叶产量的影响

Effects of Different Planting Densities on Growth and Leaf Yield of Leaf-harvest Ginkgo biloba L.

通过研究川东北丘陵地叶用银杏不同栽植密度对其生长量和叶产量的影响,获得高经济效益的合理密度调控方向,为生产实践提供理论支持。本文以2年生“开江皇1号”银杏为供试材料,采用单因素试验设计,分别作5种不同栽植密度处理,连续三年观测研究不同栽植密度对叶用银杏生长量及叶产量的影响。结果表明,在川东北的地理环境条件下和一定的密度范围内,叶用银杏基地建园首年,栽植密度对其地径和侧枝影响不大,随着树龄增加,栽植密度过大的叶用银杏园相比低密度园,其地径生长量和侧枝数呈减缓增长趋势,不同栽植密度对叶用银杏树高生长无显著性影响;当叶用银杏低于4.5年生,栽植密度为10万株·hm^(−2)时,其叶产量比栽植密度为1.4万株·hm^(−2)的低密度处理的叶产量高2.76倍,叶产量达到20428.00 kg·hm^(−2),在5.5年生时,栽植密度为10万株·hm^(−2)的高密度栽植处理,其叶产量比4.5年生时下降15.93%,而栽植密度为1.4万株·hm^(−2)的低密度栽植处理,其叶产量却高达41322.60 kg·hm^(−2),是同年生高密度栽植处理叶产量的1.41倍。因此,在川东北丘陵区,叶用银杏盛产期前,基地栽植密度最高可保持10万株·hm^(−2),随着树龄增加,栽植密度应逐年降低,盛产期时,密度宜保持在1.5万株·hm^(−2)左右,这样可做到单位面积经济效益最大化。

By studying the effects of different planting densities on the growth and leaf yield of Ginkgo biloba.L.in the hilly areas of Northeast Sichuan,the reasonable density control direction with high economic benefit was obtained,which provided theoretical support for production practice.In this study,two-year-old Ginkgo biloba"Kaijianghuang No.1"was used as the test material,and five different planting densities were used to study the effects of different planting densities on the growth and leaf yield of Ginkgo biloba for three consecutive years.The results showed that:(1)Under the geographical conditions in northeast Sichuan and within a certain density range,the planting density had little effect on the ground diameter and lateral branches in the first year of the construction of Ginkgo biloba base.With the increase of tree age,the ground diameter growth and lateral branches of Ginkgo biloba.garden with excessive planting density showed a slow growth trend compared with low density garden,and different planting densities had no significant effect on the height growth of Ginkgo biloba.(2)When Ginkgo biloba was less than 4.5 years and planted at a density of 100000 plants per hectare,the yield per hectare was 2.76 times higher than that of the low-density treatment with a planting density of 14000 plants per hectare,and the yield per hectare reaches 20428.00 kg.At the age of 5.5 years,the leaf yield of high-density planting with planting density of 100000 plants hm^(−2) decreased by 15.93%compared with that of 4.5 years,while the leaf yield of low-density planting with planting density of 14000 plants hm^(−2) was as high as 41322.60 kg hm^(−2),which was 1.41 times as high as that of high-density planting in the same year.Therefore,in the hilly area of northeast Sichuan,the maximum planting density can be maintained at 100000 plants·hm^(−2) before the blooming period.With the increase of tree age,the planting density should be reduced year by year.In the blooming period,the density should be kept at about 15000 plants·hm^(−2),so as to maximize the economic benefits per unit area.