不同性别纳西族老年人心脑血管慢性病患病率及影响因素

Prevalence and influencing factors of chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the elderly of Naxi nationality with different genders

目的本研究通过对丽江地区老年人慢性病患病率情况进行调查,分析其影响因素,为丽江少数民族不同性别老年人口慢性病防治措施的制定提供参考。方法2019年1月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽样并进行问卷调查,调查内容包括人口学特征指标(性别、年龄、是否读过书、贫困、吸烟、饮酒、食用白肉、心脑血管疾病家族史、肥胖、中心性肥胖、睡眠状况)、慢性病患病情况。结果最终以完成问卷调查和体格检查的1040人为研究对象,问卷有效回收率为98.1%。高血压男性患病率为59.6%,女性为55.9%;中风男性患病率为4.3%,女性为2.5%;冠心病男性患病率为5.8%,女性为4.1%;高血脂男性患病率为3.5%,女性为3.4%;心脑血管疾病共病男性患病率为9.5%,女性为6.8%;不同性别纳西族老年人心脑血管共患病影响因素多因素logistic回归分析显示,吸烟、食用白肉、患糖尿病与纳西族男性心脑血管共患病存在统计学关联;吸烟和有心脑血管疾病家族史与纳西族女性心脑血管共患病存在统计学关联。结论纳西族不同性别老年人慢性病患病情况及影响因素存在差异,提示慢性病的防治工作要根据不同性别开展进行;做好健康教育工作,预防慢性疾病的发生。

Objective This study investigated the prevalence of chronic diseases in elderly men and women in Lijiang area,and analyzed the influencing factors,so as to provide reference for the formulation of prevention and control measures of chronic diseases in the elderly population of ethnic minorities of different genders in western Yunnan.Methods a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was adopted in January 2019 and a questionnaire survey was conducted.The survey contents included demographic characteristics(gender,age,whether reading,poverty,smoking,drinking,eating white meat,family history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,obesity,central obesity,sleep status),and the prevalence of chronic diseases.Results 1040 households who completed the questionnaire survey and physical examination were selected as the research objects.The effective recovery rate of the questionnaire was 98.1%.The prevalence of hypertension was 59.6%in males and 55.9%in females;in stroke,the prevalence was 4.3%in males and 2.5%in females;in CHD,the prevalence was 5.8%in males and 4.1%in females;in hyperlipidemia,the prevalence rates in males and females were 3.5%and 3.4%,respectively;in the comorbidities of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,the prevalence rates of males and females were 9.5%and 6.8%,respectively;Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking,eating white meat and diabetes were significantly associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidity in Naxi men;smoking and family history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were significantly associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidity in Naxi Women.Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases and its influencing factors are different among the elderly of different genders of Naxi nationality,suggesting that the prevention and control of chronic diseases should be carried out according to different genders and influencing factors;health education should be done well to prevent the occurrence of chronic diseases.