基于氧化钨和氧化镍的电致变色器件研究进展

Electrochromic Devices Based on Tungsten Oxide and Nickel Oxide:a Review

电致变色器件(Electrochromic Devices,ECDs)是一种颜色变化受电压调控的智能装置,具有工作温度范围宽、光学对比度高、可逆双稳态性能好、驱动电压低和能耗低等优点,在智能动态调光窗、全彩色电子显示屏、防眩光护目镜、自适应双隐身伪装以及可视化储能等领域展现出了巨大的应用潜力。阴极着色材料氧化钨(WO3)和阳极着色材料氧化镍(NiO)是两种被广泛研究的无机电致变色材料,由WO3和NiO薄膜组成的互补型电致变色器件在大规模智能窗的应用中具有极高的商业价值。改善电致变色器件的综合性能如光学调制范围、响应速度、循环寿命和耐候性等问题一直备受关注。本文围绕互补型电致变色器件的结构组成,综述了基于WO3和NiO的电致变色全器件的近期研究进展。首先分别阐述了WO3和NiO薄膜的电致变色机理和衰退机制,讨论了改进制备工艺、元素掺杂改性、设计纳米结构和引入复合材料这四种薄膜性能优化策略的作用和最新研究进展,其次,按照器件的组成成分和结构设计介绍了互补型电致变色全器件的分类体系,总结了各组分材料的选择和器件结构对器件综合性能的影响,最后对电致变色器件的应用前景和发展趋势进行了展望。

Electrochromic devices(ECDs)are the intelligent devices change color by applying electric potential,with the advantages of wide working temperature,high optical contrast,good reversible bistability,low driving voltage,and low energy consumption,which show great application potential in the field of dynamic smart windows,full-color electronic screens,anti-glare goggles,adaptive dual-stealth camouflage,and energy storage status visualization.Cathodically coloring material tungsten oxide and anodically coloring material nickel oxide are two widely studied inorganic electrochromic materials,and complementary electrochromic devices based on WO3 and NiO films have high commercial values in the application of large scale smart windows.Improving the performance of the complementary ECDs such as optical modulation range,response rate,cycle life and weather fastness has attracted much attention.This review focuses on the structural composition of complementary electrochromic devices and summarizes the recent research progress of the electrochromic full devices based on WO3 and NiO.Firstly,the electrochromic mechanism and decay mechanism of WO3 and NiO films are clarified,the effects and latest research progress of four strategies for film performance optimization that include optimizing preparation conditions,element doping modification,designing nanostructure,and introducing composite materials are discussed in detail.Secondly,according to the composition and structure design of the device,the classification system of the complementary electrochromic full device is introduced,and the influence of selection for each component material and the device structure on device overall performance are summarized.Finally,the application of the electrochromic device prospects and development trends are forecasted.