马克思的生态学何以是“浪漫主义”的?——麦克莱伦对马克思生态学思想的解读

Why is Marx’s Ecology“Romantic”?--Mclellan’s Interpretation of Marx’s Ecological Thought

麦克莱伦认为马克思思想中包含着“深入”的生态学思想,而马克思“深入”的生态学思想中的方法论是浪漫主义的。“深入”的生态学思想贯穿马克思思想发生发展的始终,是马克思生态学思想的集中表现,它将人与自然视为一体,认为人与自然之间正常的物质交换是人类社会和谐发展的前提条件。在此基础上,麦克莱伦认为马克思将环境危机的根本解决诉诸劳动的彻底解放即共产主义的实现,而共产主义的理论旨趣从根本上说就是浪漫主义。麦克莱伦对马克思生态学的解读有其独到之处,但也有其不足。唯有运用历史唯物主义辩证地看待麦克莱伦对马克思生态学的解读,才能更加深刻地把握马克思生态学的科学内涵与理论实质。

Mclellan believes that Marx’s thought contains“in-depth”ecological theory,while the methodology in Marx’s“in-depth”ecological thought is romanticism.“In-depth”ecological thinking runs through the development of Marx’s thought,and it is a concentrated expression of Marx’s ecological thinking which regards man and nature as a whole and believes that normal material exchange between man and nature is the prerequisite for the harmonious development of human society.On this basis,Mclellan believes that Marx has resorted to the complete liberation of labor,that is,the realization of communism,the fundamental solution of the environmental crisis,and the theoretical interest of communism is fundamentally romantic.Mclellan’s interpretation of Marx’s ecology has its uniqueness,but it also has its shortcomings.Only by using historical materialism to look at Mclellan’s interpretation of Marx’s ecology in a dialectical way can we have a deeper grasp of the scientific connotation and theoretical essence of Marx’s ecology.