虚构人名的内涵意义分析——描述性理论面临的挑战和反驳

On the Sense of Proper Name of Fictional Characters——Criticisms to Description Theory

大部分语言哲学家比较认同直接指称论在名称的起源、名称的内涵与本质属性关系、摹状词构成专名意义的充分必要条件3个方面对描述性理论的批判。如果这种批判对于真实存在对象的名字有效,但对于虚构对象是否有效则存在严重质疑。本文着重以形而上学认识论对知识来源的定义,意义的语义和语用意义的区分等方面为基础,反驳直接指称理论对描述性理论的批判,说明就虚构人名的内涵意义而言,直接指称论在以上3个方面对描述性理论的批判存在不合理之处,从而论证描述性理论对于虚构人名的内涵的定义是合理的。

If the criticisms from direct reference theory of proper name to description theory are effective from three aspects,namely,the origin of the reference and the sense of proper name,the relation between the sense of proper name and its essential properties,and the necessity and possibility of a set of descriptions which describe the sense of proper name,as for proper name of fictional character,the criticisms are left open for questions.This paper makes a detailed analysis of the three criticisms from direct reference theory and rebuts them basing on Kant’s epistemology concerning the extent of human knowledge,and the distinction of the semantic meaning and pragmatic meaning of a proper name.It is shown that direct reference theory’s criticisms to description theory are problematic for fictional names.Consequently,the theory of the sense of proper names of fictional characters given by description theory is supported.