日本神话的诠释与近世朱子学——以林罗山的神话论为例

The Interpretation of Japanese Mythology and Zhu Xi's Philosophy in Modern Times:With the Example of Hayashi Razan's Commentary on Kiki Myths

围绕《古事记》与《日本书纪》神话的诠释,日本后世形成庞大的文本群。这是诠释者信仰体系与日本古典相结合的结果。作为其中一系的儒家的神话解释,日本近世朱子学者林罗山的神话论以理气、阴阳、五行等范畴为分析工具。他将记纪神话的叙事看作某种儒学范畴的隐喻。这种方法虽然可以消解神话的荒诞,却也抹杀了故事情节的丰富性。受北畠亲房日本优越意识的影响,林罗山的“三种神器”说以及其构建的创生世界的日本神统,与中国圣王系谱之间产生了张力。这显示出林罗山在借用中国神话诠释日本神话时所内含的矛盾。

Centering on the interpretation of the myths in Kojiki and Nihon shoki,there came an enormous text group in Japan,which was a result of the combination of the faith system of the interpretors with the Japanses classics.As a Neo-Confucian myth interpretation amongst the many,the myth theory of Hayashi Razan,a modern(Edo-period)Japanese scholar believing in the philosophy of Zhu Zi,employed such categories and concepts as principle and material-force,Yin and Yang,and the five elements as his analytical instruments.He considered the mythical narration in Kojiki and Nihon shoki as metaphors in some Confucian categories.Although this method might dispel the absurdity of the myths,it also wrote off the richness of the plot.Influence by Kitabatake chikahusa's idea on Japan's superiority,Razan's theory of the“Three Sacred Treasures”and his construction of Japanese deities having created the world produced a tension with that of the Chinese sage-kings genealogy,which showed the self-contained contradiction when Razan tried to applly Chinese mythologiess in his interpretatio of Japanese myths.