洱海大型底栖动物本底调查研究

Investigation of Macrobenthos in Erhai Lake

为了解洱海大型底栖动物的群落结构和空间分布,于2019年9月对湖区进行了本底调查。在布设的30个样区中共采集到底栖动物2491头,分属于12目18科30个分类单元。洱海全湖底栖动物的平均密度为1328.5 ind·m-2,平均生物量为426.2 g·m-2,优势种为环棱螺属,其密度为265.1 ind·m-2,生物量为203.3 g·m-2。运用Shannon多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数评价底栖动物群落多样性特征,采用PieLou指数衡量底栖动物群落均匀性。对比历史数据可知,洱海底栖动物的密度和生物量显著增加,尤其是软体动物种群,表明洱海水生态环境稳步提升。

In order to understand the community structure and spatial distribution of macrobenthos in the Erhai Lake,a background survey of the lake area was conducted in September 2019.A total of 2491 benthic animals were collected in 30 sample areas,belonging to 12 orders,18 families and 30 taxa.The average density of benthic animals in the whole lake of Erhai Lake is 1328.5 ind·m-2,and the average biomass is 426.2 g·m-2.The dominant species is the genus Cymbidium with a density of 265.1 ind·m-2 and a biomass of 203.3 g·m-2.The Shannon diversity index and the Simpson diversity index were used to evaluate the diversity characteristics of the benthic community,and the PieLou index was used to measure the uniformity of the benthic community.Comparing with historical data,it is concluded that the density and biomass of Erhai sea animals have increased significantly,especially the mollusk population,indicating that the ecological environment of Erhai Lake has improved steadily.