基于时空变化的黄河流域河南段生态环境评价研究

Temporal and Spacial Changes for Ecological Environment of Yellow River in Henan Province

利用Landsat8 OLI影像和高分一号、二号影像遥感解译得到的土地利用/植被覆盖数据以及水资源和环境统计数据,综合分析了河南省黄河流域中游、下游县(区)生态环境质量现状及近5年的变化情况。结果表明(1)近年来黄河流域中游县(区)生态环境状况指数要优于黄河流域下游县(区);(2)近5年来,黄河流域生态环境质量逐渐向好,主要原因为生物丰度指数增加和污染负荷指数大幅度减少所致;(3)通过对黄河流域各县(区)近5年数据的对比发现,义马市、灵宝市、卢氏县、开封市辖区以及黄河流域下游范县生态环境质量变化幅度最大。

The land use/vegetation cover data obtained from Landsat 8 OLI images and remote sensing interpretation of gaofen-1 and gaofen-2 images,as well as water resources and environmental statistics,are used to comprehensively analyze the present situation of ecological environment quality and its changes in the last five years in counties(districts)in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin in Henan province.The results show that:(1)In recent years,the index of ecological environment in the middle reaches is better than that in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin;(2)in the past five years,the ecological environment quality of the Yellow River basin has gradually improved,mainly due to the increase of biological abundance index and the substantial reduction of pollution load index;(3)By comparing the data of the counties(districts)in the Yellow River Basin in the past five years,it is found that the ecological environment quality of Yima City,Lingbao City,Lushi County,Kaifeng City and Fan County in the lower Yellow River Basin has the largest range of changes.