论19世纪中后期英国保守党领袖的政治主动性

On the Political Initiative of the Heads of the British Conservative Party in Mid-to-late 19th Century

断言近代英国保守党缺少理论建树,并非属实。19世纪中叶保守党的两位领袖,罗伯特·皮尔和本杰明.迪斯雷利,均在该党在野时尽力而为。前者发表《塔姆沃斯宣言》,改善了保守党的形象;后者在曼彻斯特和伦敦的激情演说,博取了下层选民的好感。他们的言行符合时代大潮,扭转了本党的政治劣势,此等做法也影响到以后。自由党领袖却对理论宣传工作掉以轻心,其自由放任主义受到新自由主义者的严厉批评,逐渐失去选民支持,而后自由党的政治生命力与保守党形成了鲜明对照。

It is not true to assert that the Conservative Party lacks the fortress in modern Britain. The two leaders of the Conservative Party in the mid-19 th century,Robert Peel and Benjamin Disraeli,did their best when the party was in the wilderness. The former’s "Tamworth Manifesto"improved the Conservative Party’s image;the latter gave passionate speeches in Manchester and London,took over the favor of voters. Their words and deeds,in line with the tide of the times,reversed the political disadvantage of their own party,and will affect such practices later. The leader of the Liberal Party,however,took the theoretical propaganda work lightly. Its laissez-faire ism has been heavily criticized by new-liberalists,who are losing support from voters. The political vitality of the Liberal Party is in stark contrast to that of the Conservative.