双重困境与脆弱的振兴:农村小规模学校发展的个案研究

DoubleDilemma and Fragile Revitalization:ACase Study of the Development of Small-scaled Rural Schools

在后撤点并校时代,农村小规模学校的发展是补齐我国义务教育发展短板的关键问题。研究以豫东平原杨村小学从衰败到初步振兴的发展历程为案例,探讨农村小学振兴的路径与机制。研究发现,农村小规模学校处于教育体系和乡村社会的双重网络之中,濒临倒闭的杨村小学面临着在两个系统中都不被认可的困境。杨村小学的校长和老师为争取承认而奋斗,他们在洞悉两个系统的偏好逻辑的基础上,预言自己的良好发展,来赢得乡村社会的生源,获得教育体系的资源,最终突破双重困境,实现振兴。在这一过程中杨村小学形成了展示性的城镇化办学取向,这也是其摆脱生存危机的最优路径。但杨村小学目前的振兴是脆弱的,依然面临着很多潜在的风险。

The development of small-scaled rural schools is the key to complement the shortcomings of compulsory education in China after the Remov-al-and-Merger Age.The study takes the development process of Yangcun Primary School in the east of Henan province from decline to initial revitalization as a case to explore the path and mechanism of rural primary school revitalization.It is found that small-scale schools in rural areas are in the dual network of education system and rural society,and Yangcun Primary School,which is on the verge of bankruptcy,is facing the dilemma of not being recognized in both systems.The principal and teachers of Yangcun primary school struggle for recognition.On the basis of understanding the preference logic of the two systems,they predict their good development to win the students from the rural society,obtain the resources from the education system,and finally break through the double predicaments to realize the revitalization.In this process,Yangcun Primary School has formed a demonstrative orientation of urbanization,which is also the best way to get rid of the survival crisis to some degree.However,the current revitalization of Yangcun Primary School is fragile and still faces many potential risks.