基于文献挖掘中医药治疗儿科哮喘的用药规律研究

Study on medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine in treating infantile asthma based on literatures mining

目的为了解中医药治疗儿科哮喘的用药规律,利用数据挖掘的方法对其进行网络分析。方法登录中国知网(CNKI),检索时限为2009年1月—2019年12月,以“儿科哮喘”并含“中药”为主题整理文献,统计中医治则、中药复方剂型、西药联合使用情况,结合Bibexcel分析软件对治疗儿科哮喘的中药进行频次统计、药对统计及对主要配伍关系进行抽取和整理,采用Ucinet 6.0软件中NetDraw构建可视化网络。结果由统计结果得知治疗儿科哮喘的中药复方剂型以汤剂、贴剂、膏剂、糊剂为主;西药中以糖皮质激素类与中药联合使用居多(11,51.52%);中医治疗儿科哮喘主要治则为“宣肺平喘”“平喘止咳”,多采用药味“苦、甘、辛”,药性“寒、温”,归“肺、脾、肾”经为主的药物。用药频次最高的为麻黄(63次),药对频次最高的是麻黄与杏仁(43次),网络关系配伍中麻黄、黄芪、地龙、桑白皮、杏仁均位于中心点。结论目前儿科哮喘治疗倾向于选择依从性较高的外用剂型,治疗主要以“宣肺”“平喘”“止咳”为主,多采用解表类与化痰、止咳、平喘类药物,治疗儿科哮喘中药复方的文献数据挖掘对临床用药具有指导意义,且对中医药的传承与发展具有一定的价值。

Objective To find out the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine in treating infantile asthma and analyze the network by data mining.Methods The literatures of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)from January 2009 to December 2019 were organized,with the theme of“pediatric asthma”and“Chinese medicine”,and the statistics were made on Chinese medicine treatment rules,traditional Chinese medicine compound dosage forms,combined use of Western medicine.The frequency statistics,drug pair statistics and the extraction and sorting of the main compatibility relationship of traditional Chinese medicine for treating pediatric asthma were carried out by Bibexcel analysis software.A visual network was built by NetDraw in Ucinet 6.0 software.Results From the statistical results,the traditional Chinese medicine compound dosage forms for treating pediatric asthma were mainly decoctions,patches,plasters and pastes.Western medicine was mostly combined with glucocorticoids and traditional Chinese medicine.The main treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for pediatric asthma was“ventilating lung qi and suppressing dyspnea”,“suppressing dyspnea and relieving cough”,and the drugs with the flavours of“bitter,sweet,pungent”and the nature of“cold,warm,clam”,and mostly belong to“lung,spleen,kidney”were mainly used.The most frequently used drug was ephedra(63 times),the most frequently used drug pair was ephedra and bitter apricot seed(43 times).In network relationship compatibility,ephedra,milkvetch root,earthworm,white mulberry root-bark and bitter apricot seed were all located at the center point.Conclusion At present,the treatment of pediatric asthma tends to choose a topical dosage form with high compliance.The main treatments are“ventilating lung qi”,“suppressing dyspnea”and“relieving cough”,and mainly use the drugs of superficies-relieving,dissipating phlegm,relieving cough and suppressing dyspnea.The data mining of medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine for pediatric asthma has guiding significance for clinical medicine,and has certain value for the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine.