和为贵还是自我优先?中国人人际冲突处理偏好及社会经济地位的作用

“Harmony First”VS.“Me First”?Interpersonal Conflict Preference Among Chinese:The Role of Socioeconomic Status

人际冲突是社会生活中普遍的现象,已有相关研究的理论和工具基本来自西方文化。作为一个儒家传统的社会,和谐是中国传统文化的主流价值之一,是自古以来中国文化的主轴,却少有研究关注和谐价值观如何影响中国人的人际冲突处理偏好。本研究旨在探索现代中国人的人际冲突处理偏好是更偏向于“以和为贵”还是“自我优先”及社会经济地位在其中的作用。采用两个实验性任务探索了一般生活场景下,个体的冲突处理偏好及社会经济地位的影响。结果发现,无论人们的社会经济地位如何,在面临人际冲突时,人们主观报告更倾向于优先考虑追求和谐而不是追求个人目标。研究表明以“和为贵”仍然是当代中国人处理人际冲突的优先偏好。

Interpersonal conflicts always happen during everyday life,and have been widely explored by researchers.In the past,scholars from all kinds of research fields have put their focus on interpersonal conflict resolution strategies,using concepts developed in west culture.As a Confucian culture,it is widely known that harmony is one of the most important social values cherished by Chinese people.Based on this,some scholars proposed that this specific culture value may influence the considerations when people manage their interpersonal conflict.But few studies have explored the role of harmony in Chinese interpersonal conflict management.This study aims to explore whether Chinese people would prefer to pursue“harmony”or“personal goals”when confronting interpersonal conflicts.In two studies,we examined the preference of individual s pursuing“harmony”or“personal goals”when they were in conflict with others and the effect of socioeconomic status(SES).Results demonstrate that people prefer to pursue harmony when they are in conflicts with others,regardless of their and the other parties SES.Limits and suggestions for future studies are discussed.