杭州市德寿宫遗址宋代烟管螺科(Clausiliidae)标本研究

A STUDY ON THE SPECIMEN OF CLAUSILIIDAE FROM SONG DYNASTY AT DESHOU PALACE SITE IN HANGZHOU

杭州市德寿宫遗址曾是南宋皇家宫苑,位于杭州市市中心吴山脚下、西湖东岸。地理坐标为30°24’30″N,120°17’42″E。杭州市文物考古研究所在对该遗址GJCT1024探方发掘中,发现有软体动物遗骸。于是采集土样并提取软体动物遗骸进行鉴定和分析。通过鉴定,发现遗址土样中包含有属于烟管螺科的平纹真管螺(Euphaedusa planostriata)、外套管螺(Phaedusa pallidocincta)、假白氏管螺(Phaedusa pseudobensoni)这3种动物遗骸。其中,平纹真管螺为9.5~10.5个螺层,壳高16.15~16.17 mm;外套管螺9.5~10.0个螺层,壳高12.06~12.89 mm;假白氏管螺9.5~10.0个螺层,壳高10.50~13.29 mm。烟管螺科是喜潮湿、温暖、弱光环境的动物,喜食地衣苔藓、腐殖质、植物嫩芽等。该批材料的发现,反映德寿宫遗址古环境具有温暖湿润气候特点;宫内有多种人工植被。本研究认识与文献资料等相印证,还可作为宫苑内有人工水景及地表面有苔藓等环境条件的辅证。我国城市考古中,此前还没有开展对软体动物的研究报道。本文对南宋德寿宫宫苑遗址烟管螺科的动物考古研究,为今后从更多层面开展城市考古、促进考古界重视和推进软体动物材料考古研究等积累了初步资料。

The Deshou Palace Site in Hangzhou was once the royal palace of the Southern Song Dynasty.It is located at the foot of Wushan Mountain and the east bank of West Lake in the center of Hangzhou.The geographical coordinates is 30°24’30″N,120°17’42″E.In January 2019,the Hangzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology discovered the remains of mollusks during the excavation of the site GJCT1024.Then soil samples were collected and mollusk remains were extracted for identification and analysis.Through identification,the article found that the soil samples of the site contained the remains of three animal species,Euphaedusa planostriata,Phaedusa pallidocincta,and Phaedusa pseudobensoni.Among them,Euphaedusa planostriata has 9.5~10.5 snail layers,and the shell height is 16.15~16.17 mm;Phaedusa pallidocincta has 9.5~10.0 snail layers and the shell height is 12.06~12.89 mm;Phaedusa pseudobensoni has 9.5~10.0 snail layers,The shell height is 10.50~13.29 mm.The Clausiliidae is an animal that likes humid,warm,and low-light environments.It likes to eat lichen,moss,humus,and plant shoots.The discovery of materials reflects the ancient environment of Deshou Palace Site has a warm and humid climate;there are many kinds of artificial vegetation in the palace.The knowledge of this research is corroborated by literature materials.And it can also be used as a supplementary evidence for environmental conditions such as artificial water features in the palace and moss on the ground.There is no research report on mollusks about urban archaeology in our country before that.This article will accumulate preliminary data on the animal archaeological research of the Clausiliidae from the Deshou Palace Site of the Southern Song Dynasty for the future development of urban archaeology from more levels,promoting the archaeological community to attach to importance and advance the archaeological research of mollusk materials.