新疆萨恩萨伊和洋海墓地不同时代人口规模估算初探

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ESTIMATION OF THE POPULATION SIZE OF SAENSAYI AND YANGHAI SITES IN XINJIANG IN DIFFERENT TIMES

基于新疆发掘的萨恩萨伊和洋海两个考古遗址,利用墓葬资料分析法对萨恩萨伊遗址青铜时代早期、青铜时代中晚期、早期铁器时代和战国至汉晋时期以及洋海遗址青铜时代中晚期、早期铁器时代和两汉时期的年均人口数进行了估算,结果显示:萨恩萨伊遗址在4个时期年均人口数和年均户数分别为3、2、9、2和1、1、3、1;洋海遗址在3个时期年均人口数和年均户数分别为15、21、14和5、7、5;同时对这两个遗址人骨的平均亡龄进行估算,萨恩萨伊遗址这4个时期人骨的平均亡龄分别为33.9岁、36.3岁、33.0岁和36.6岁;洋海遗址这3个时期人骨的平均亡龄分别为28.8岁、30.1岁和32.9岁。可以发现,洋海遗址年均人口数明显高于萨恩萨伊遗址,其原因可能是生业模式以及局部环境变化差异等的影响。两者青铜时代至早期铁器时期年均人口数增加,但至两汉时期,年均人口数又呈现下降趋势,这种变化很可能与农业技术不断传播、战争、人口迁徙、文化交流等因素有关。

Based on archaeological data,the method of tomb data analysis was used to analyze the average annual population size of the early Bronze Age,the middle and late Bronze Age,the early Iron Age and the Warring States to Han-Jin Dynasties of Sensayi site in Xinjiang,and the middle and late Bronze Age,the early Iron Age and Han Dynasty of Yanghai site in Xinjiang.The geographical location of Saensayi site is 43°18’N,87°12’E,and the elevation is about 1800 m.The geographical location of the Yanghai site is 42°48’N,89°39’E,and the elevation is about-40 m.The archaeological data we used mainly include the number of tomb deaths,the average age of death,and the duration of the tomb.The results show that:the average annual population size and the average annual number of households of the Saensayi in the four periods are 3,2,9,2 and 1,1,3,1,respectively;the average annual population size and the average annual number of households of the Yanghai in the three periods are15,21,14 and 5,7,5,respectively.At the same time,the average age of death in these two sites is estimated.The average age of death in the four periods of Sansayi is 33.9 years old,36.3 years old,33.0 years old,and36.6 years old;The average age of death in the three periods of Yanghai is 28.8 years old,30.1 years old and32.9 years old.That shows that the average annual population size of the Yanghai site is significantly higher than that of the Saensayi site,which may be due to the impact of the subsistence strategy and the differences in local environmental changes.The average annual population size increased from the Bronze Age to the early Iron Age,but by the Han Dynasty,the average annual population size showed a downward trend.This change is likely related to agricultural technology spread,war,migration,cultural exchanges and other factors.In addition,the average age of death of the human bones of the Saensayi site is greater than that of the Yanghai site,which may be caused by the defect in the judging of the age of the Saensayi site itself.