粗大动作发展对3-5岁幼儿体育课程的影响研究

Study on the Influence of Large Muscle Movements Development on the Physical Education Curriculum of 5-year-old Children

动作发展规律贯穿着人类整个生命周期,幼儿时期又是人类整个动作发展的敏感期,幼儿时期基本动作发展的好与坏直接影响今后高级动作技能的水平高低,所以简而言之幼儿体育课程的构置就显得极为重要。本文依据美国密歇根州立大学的Dale A.Ulrich博士在2013年修订的第三版大肌肉动作发展测试量表TGMD-3对河南省开封市顺河区某幼儿园随机抽取90名3-5岁儿童,对他们进行位移技能与物体操控技能的测试,共计13项测试内容。最后使用Excel和SPSS20.0对测试结果进行归纳整理与数据分析,分析数据得出整体的位移技能发展快于物体操控技能的发展。根据从不同的年龄发现整体发展水平呈波浪上升趋势,男童的物体操控能力发展高于女童、侧滑步与原地运球、击打固定球呈现的水平较差。再根据性别分析,男童投掷类项目发展要比女童更占优势。通过这些数据的分析一方面可以了解到河南省开封市顺河区幼儿园儿童的动作发展水平的高低,另一方面可以了解到整体的教育环境与教育水平。动作发展水平的高低跟幼儿在幼儿园的体育课程设置、教师水平的专业程度和生活环境都有着重要的关系。重视幼儿体育课程构置,全面提高老师对幼儿动作教育的提高,掌握正确的教学方法与教学手段,编排科学有趣的教学内容与体育活动。要对不同阶段不同年龄段的儿童具体问题具体分析,不能混为一谈,一方面可以能够更好地使儿童在动作发展的敏感期得到科学的发展,为他们建立良好的"动作基础模块",另一方面增强他们的身心健康与自信心,能够培养他们终身体育运动的思想。

The law of movement development runs through the whole life cycle of human beings,and early childhood is a sensitive period for the development of human movements.The development of basic movements in early childhood has a direct impact on the level of advanced movement skills in the future.Thus,the construction of children’s physical education curriculum is extremely important.In this paper,according to the third edition of the large muscle Movement Development Test scale(TGMD-3)revised by Dr.Dale A.Ulrich of Michigan State University in 2013,905-year-old children were randomly selected from a kindergarten in Shunhe District,Kaifeng City,Henan Province,and their displacement skills and object manipulation skills of 13 items were tested.Finally,the test results are summarized and analyzed by Excel and SPSS20.0,and the analysis of the data shows that the overall development of displacement skills is faster than that of object manipulation skills.According to different ages,it is found that the overall development level shows a wave rising trend,the development of object handling ability of boys is higher than that of girls,and the level of side slip and dribbling and hitting fixed ball is poor.According to the gender analysis,the development of throwing events for boys is more advantageous than that for girls.Through the analysis of these data,on one hand,we can understand the action development level of kindergarten children in Shunhe District,Kaifeng City,Henan Province;on the other hand,we can understand the overall educational environment and educational level.The level of movement development has an important relationship with the physical education curriculum of children in kindergarten,the professional level of teachers and the living environment.We should attach importance to the construction of children’s physical education curriculum,comprehensively improve teachers’improvement of children’s action education,master correct teaching methods and teaching means,and arrange scientific and interesting teaching contents and sports activities.It is necessary to make a specific analysis of the specific problems of children in different stages and ages,which can not be confused with each other.On one hand,it can better enable children to get scientific development in the sensitive period of movement development,and establish a good"action basic module"for them.On the other hand,enhancement on their physical and mental health and self-confidence could cultivate lifelong sports ideas.