德国家庭分配花园的当今效用及对中国的启示

The Current Efficiency of German Family Allotment Garden and Its Enlightenment to China

家庭分配花园是由政府分配、家庭租赁来进行农作、园艺活动的独立小块城市绿地。德国家庭分配花园建设成熟,日常可用于耕种休闲、家庭聚会等,是当前城市中农产品、景观花卉等个性化种植的主要场所,是缓解城市居住分异的家庭纽带,具有阻止城市建设用地无序蔓延、确保城市绿地完整连续的规划作用。借鉴德国经验,建议中国应重视城市绿地服务于生产、生活、生态的复合型功能,在城市绿地系统中设置可用于家庭种植的绿地类型;以此关注城市家庭除居住以外的自存空间需求,探寻城市绿地家庭使用与公共使用的平衡;明确部分城市绿地的使用主体,增强城市绿地系统规划的实效。

Family Allotment Garden is an independent small piece of urban green space allocated by the government and leased by the family to carry out farming and horticultural activities.The method of planning and construction of the Family Allotment Garden in Germany is mature.And this kind of garden can be used for farming,relaxing,holding family parties and so on.It is the main space for the personalized cultivation of agricultural products and gardening flowers,etc.In cities at present,and it is the family bonds to alleviate the urban residential differentiation.It can prevent the disorderly spread of urban construction land and ensure the integrity and continuity of urban green space.Based on the experience of Germany,China should pay attention to the complex function of urban green space serving production,life and ecology and set up the type of green space which can be used for family planting.This kind of green space can set up a new type of family activity space similar to residential living space,which can explore the balance between family use and public use of urban green space.Additionally,it must clarify who owns the main use rights of the green space,in order to enhance the effectiveness of urban green space system planning.