欧洲乡村景观价值解读与评估方法对中国的启示

Case Study on Reading and Assessment Methods of Rural Landscape in Europe

中国具有丰富的乡村景观,但其价值解读与评估方法还存在不足。文化景观研究以动态整体的视角解读景观价值,评估景观质量,准确把握景观特征和演进规律。欧洲国家的乡村景观研究起步较早,以维持土地资源永续利用和延续历史文脉特征为重点的景观解读与评估方法有助于引导乡村可持续发展。从自然、文化、经济、社会与美学等方面梳理了乡村景观价值及其载体要素,分析了欧洲国家典型的乡村景观评估方法,以期为中国乡村景观研究提供借鉴。

China has rich rural landscape resources,but there are still insufficiency in their value reading and assessment methods.Cultural landscape research reads resource value and evaluates landscape quality from a dynamic and overall perspective,which contributes to extract the characteristics and evolution trend of landscape accurately.European countries'rural landscape research started early and methods focusing on maintaining sustainable use of land resources and continuing historical context can help guide the villages'sustainable development.This paper sorts out rural landscape value and components from natural,cultural,social,economic and aesthetic aspects,and analyzes European countries'typical assessment methods which provide reference for Chinese rural landscape researches.