动物乳腺干细胞研究进展

Advances in Animal Mammary Stem Cell Research

乳腺是一个高度活跃的器官,在青春期和生殖周期中,其上皮细胞发生了极大的变化。这些变化是由专门的干细胞和祖细胞推动的。研究乳腺干细胞对动物乳腺发育、哺乳和乳腺癌等方面都有着重大意义。如今,在乳腺干细胞生物学研究方面已经取得了显著进步。乳腺干细胞是组织学上未分化的上皮细胞,可以对称分裂产生两个相同的干细胞,或不对称地产生一个干细胞和一个腔上皮祖细胞或基底/肌上皮祖细胞。通过标记滞留细胞、染料排斥法、干细胞抗原-1标记、细胞表面标记物标记以及谱系示踪等方法可以鉴定出多种不同类型的乳腺干/祖细胞,应用多种不同方法分离鉴定乳腺干细胞有助于深入了解其异质性。乳腺的研究主要分为6个阶段:胚胎期、青春期、性成熟期、妊娠期、泌乳期和退化期。在乳腺不同发育阶段,乳腺干/祖细胞的类型及特性不同。有研究表明,在胚胎期就有基底和管腔谱系的祖细胞产生,静止的乳腺干细胞也可能来自于胚胎期,出生后,静止干细胞可以在卵巢激素的刺激作用下重新进入细胞周期,产生乳腺细胞谱系和自我更新。作者介绍了乳腺干细胞和祖细胞的存在、形态特征、鉴定方法,简述了乳腺干细胞在胚胎期、青春期和妊娠期的特征,分析了目前该领域研究的不足之处以及对未来应用的展望。

The mammary gland is a highly active organ whose epithelium changes dramatically during puberty and reproductive cycles.These changes are driven by specialized stem and progenitor cells.The research of mammary stem cells is of great significance to animal mammary gland development,lactation and breast cancer.Today,significant advances have been made in the biology of mammary stem cells.Mammary stem cells are histologically undifferentiated epithelial cells that can divide symmetrically to produce two identical stem cells,or asymmetrically to produce one kind of stem cell and one kind of luminal epithelial progenitor cell or basal/myoepithelial progenitor cell.A variety of different types of mammary stem/progenitor cells can be identified by labeling retained cells,dye exclusion,stem cell antigen-1 labeling,cell surface marker labeling,and lineage tracing.The isolation and identification of mammary stem cells by different methods is helpful to understand the heterogeneity.Mammary research is divided into six stages:Embryo,adolescence,sexual maturity,pregnancy,lactation and involuted phases.The types and characteristics of mammary gland stem/progenitor cells are different in different stages of mammary gland development.Studies have shown that the progenitor cells with basal and luminal lineages are produced in embryo phase.Quiescent mammary stem cells may also come from the embryo stage.After birth,quiescent mammary stem cells can be stimulated by ovarian hormones to re-enter the cell cycle,producing a mammary cell lineage and self-renewal.This paper introduced the existence,morphological characteristics and identification methods of mammary stem cells and progenitor cells,briefly described the characteristics of mammary stem cells in embryonic,adolescent and pregnancy,analyzed the current shortcomings and prospects for future application,in order to further study animal breast stem cells.