国外古籍保护法制建设概况

Overview of Legal System Construction for the Protection of Ancient Books in Foreign Countries

[目的/意义]从时间、地点和形式的三大要素上来讲,国外古籍对应的概念与我国不尽相同。同时,国外古籍保护研究内容也与我国有所差异。梳理和总结国外古籍保护相关政策法规制度的发展历程和内容特点,可以为我国古籍保护政策和法律法规的制定提供借鉴。[方法/过程]国外古籍保护相关政策法规的历史经历了从重收藏,到重修复,再到重利用的发展过程。世界主要国家有关古籍保管与利用的制度框架并没有针对图书馆古籍保管与利用的专门法规,但这些国家的图书馆行业组织和图书馆本身都在不同程度上制定了古籍工作规范和使用规章,其内容涵盖古籍保护、数字化保存、开放获取、职业规范等方面。[结果/结论]我国应该借鉴国外古籍保护相关政策和法规,以利用为主导,以保管为基础;统一元数据,规范数字化;促进古籍开放获取向特色化发展;建立古籍保护的职业制度。

[Purpose/significance]The related concepts of foreign ancient books are different from Chinese in terms of time,place and form.The research contents of the protection of ancient books in foreign countries are also different from Chinese studies.Combing and summarizing the development process and content characteristics of foreign ancient books protection policies and regulations can provide reference for the formulation of ancient books protection policies,laws and regulations in China.[Method/process]The history of policies and regulations related to the protection of ancient books in foreign countries has gone through three stages of development process:focusing on collection restoring,focusing on ancient books reparation,and focusing on collection utilization.The institutional frameworks of the preservation and utilization of ancient books in major countries of the world do not have special laws and regulations for the preservation and utilization of ancient books in libraries.However,the librarianship related organizations and libraries in these countries have formulated rules and usage regulations of ancient books to some extent,which covered the protection,digital preservation,open access,professional norms of ancient books and so on.[Result/conclusion]Drawing lessons from the construction and development of foreign policies and regulations on the protection of ancient books,China should take utilization as the leading factor and take preservation as the basis;unify metadata and standardize digitalization;open access of ancient books should develop towards specialization;and establish a professional system of ancient books protection.