从专业生产到共同生产:城市社区公共服务供给的范式转型

From Service Providing to Co-production:The Paradigm Transformation of Community Public Service Production

社区公共服务生产一直是我国社区研究的重要内容。现有文献主要基于"政府-市场-社会"的专业生产范式来分析社区公共服务的生产与供给过程,往往忽略了居民这一核心主体的功能角色及其发挥作用的机制,在面临公共服务"最后一公里"难题时也难以给出有效的方案。本研究试图以共同生产为核心过程,以居民为中心节点构建一个社区公共服务生产的新范式。这一范式认为,居民和居民组织是社区公共服务的核心生产者,他们可以积极动用物质、知识与技能等资源,生产出具有公共性的社区服务,并创造公共价值。社区公共服务生产作为一个持续性过程,不仅满足了居民个人和集体的需求,也为他们创造出新的需求,从而激发了他们后续的参与意愿。当然,政府、市场和社会等专业生产组织依然能够积极发挥资源赋能和激励助推的作用。本研究通过对上海市N社区微更新项目的案例研究,进一步阐释了基于共同生产的社区公共服务生产范式的具体特征和运作逻辑。

Community public service production has always been a popular research agenda in China.Existing studies mainly analyzed the production and supply process of community public services based on the professional production personnel from the government sector,private sector as well as non-profit organization.However,since the residents’core subject role and its functioning mechanism are often ignored in these studies,it is often difficult to provide effective solutions when getting through"the last-kilometer"community public service problems.With coproduction as the core process,and residents as the central node,this study attempts to construct a new paradigm of community public service production.The paradigm holds that residents and residents'organizations are the core co-producers of community public services,and they can actively use resources such as material,knowledge and skills to produce public community services and create public value.At the same time,community public service production,as a continuous process,not only meets the individual and collective needs of residents,but also creates new demands for them,so as to motivate their subsequent willingness to participate.Certainly,in terms of enabling resources and promoting participation,professional production organizations such as the government,market and society are still able to play an active role.Based on coproduction,this study further explains the specific characteristics and operational logic of the community public service production paradigm through the case study of N community’s micro-renewal project in Shanghai.