中国典型旅游城市过度旅游程度评价

Evaluating Overtourism in Typical Tourist Cities in China

近几十年来,随着旅游业的快速发展,大量游客集中涌向热门旅游目的地,使得这些地方出现了潜在的过度旅游问题。在重新界定“过度旅游”概念的基础上,本文从旅游资源状况、经济状况、社会状况三个方面构建了过度旅游的评价指标体系,运用综合评价法对2003、2008、2013和2018等年份我国22个典型旅游城市的过度旅游程度进行评价,结果发现,(1)我国22个典型旅游城市过度旅游程度整体上加大,其中北京、上海、重庆、成都、武汉、张家界、三亚、丽江等城市表现显著;(2)从城市等级来看,常年处于过度旅游的城市主要为直辖市和副省级城市(省会城市),其中,过度旅游程度最高的城市为北京;(3)从旅游城市分类来看,张家界、黄山、重庆等自然山水名城过度旅游程度加重较为显著,其次为成都、三亚等休闲娱乐城市。

In recent decades,with the rapid development of tourism,masses of tourists have flocked to popular tourist destinations,resulting in the potential problem of"overtourism".On the basis of redefining the concept of"overtourism",this paper constructs the evaluation index system of overtourism from three aspects of tourism resources,economy and society,and evaluates the degree of overtourism of 22 typical tourist cities in China in 2003,2008,2013 and 2018 by using the method of comprehensive evaluation.The results show that,(1)on the whole,the degree of overtourism of 22 typical tourist cities in China increases,among them,Beijing,Shanghai,Chongqing,Chengdu,Wuhan,Zhangjiajie,Sanya and Lijiang showed significant performance;(2)from the city level,the cities are mainly municipalities directly under the Central Government and sub-provincial cities(provincial capitals)in the state of overtourism for a long time.Among them,the city with the highest degree of overtourism is Beijing;(3)from the classification of tourist cities,the degree of overtourism in natural landscape cities has increased significantly,such as Zhangjiajie,Huangshan,Chongqing.Leisure and entertainment cities such as Chengdu and Sanya followed.