论重大疫情构成不可抗力事由之合同的履行

Force Majeure Caused by the Epidemic and the Performance of the Relevant Contract

我国关于“不可抗力”采取概括式立法模式。实务中,“不可抗力”事由的成立既要考量合同履行的客观法律环境,判定构成不可抗力事由的“三性”;又要兼顾合同具体履行的个案情况,合理适用不可抗力的个案判定标准:时间关联性与因果关系。不可抗力之适用实质是对合同严格责任原则之修正,在处理因重大疫情引发的合同纠纷时,除了考虑前述两个方面,还应根据公平原则及当事人的具体履约情况合理分配合同责任,以促进合同积极履行为目标,避免不可抗力的滥用。

"Force Majeure"adopted a general legislative model in China.In practice,the establishment of"force majeure"should not only consider the objective legal environment of contract performance,determine the"three properties"that constitute the cause of force majeure,but also take into account individual cases of the contract.Reasonably apply force majeure case determination criteria:time relevance and causality.The application of force majeure is essentially an amendment to the principle of strict liability for contracts.In dealing with contract disputes arising from major epidemic outbreaks,in addition to the above two aspects,contract liability should also be reasonably distributed according to the principle of fairness and the specific performance of the parties,aiming to promote the active performance of the contract and avoid abuse of force majeure.