马克思的教育之思:嵌入工人阶级解放的构想

Karl Marx’s Thinking on Education:Construction Embedded in Emancipation of the Working Class

教育哲学家彼得斯将教育理解为价值,他提供了一个理解教育的新角度;陈桂生揭示了教育价值的演变,指出现代教育价值包含教育(狭义)价值与教养价值。在此基础上,本文探讨了马克思的教育思考。他的思考融入其对生产劳动、社会斗争和学校教学的评价,对这些评价的分析表明,马克思的教育思考深嵌入工人阶级解放的构思之中。论文从工人阶级解放角度考察教育价值如何嵌入三类评价,亦立足教育价值透视马克思教育思考的特点。这些分析表明,把握马克思的教育思想不能离开其对工人阶级解放的理论构思;在教育(狭义)价值和教养价值上,马克思重视后者甚于前者,这种不平衡同其对道德、道德品质形成的思考有关。从社会结构来看,马克思的选择不无合理之处,如立足于个体道德人格的养成,德育的作用又不可等闲视之。

Based on Richard S.Peters’concept of education as criteria of value judgment and the evolution of educational values disclosed by Chen Gui-sheng,the paper explores the way Karl Marx thinks of education.His thinking of education is located in his evaluation of labor,fighting and instruction,the analysis of which indicates that Marx’s thinking is rooted in his construction of the working class’emancipation.The author investigates into how educational values are embedded into Marx’s evaluation of three sorts of praxis above from the perspective of working class’emancipation,and into the specialty of Marx’s thinking from the perspective of educational values.The analysis shows that it is impossible to master Marx’s educational thoughts without his theory of the working class’emancipation,and that Marx values culture(“Bildung”)over the narrow-sense educational value,the imbalance of which may be relevant to the way Marx thinks of morality and the formation of moral characters.