通向根脉与面向未来:建构教材学的基础、逻辑与方略

To the Foundation and to the Future:Construct the Basis,Logic and Strategies of Discipline of Textbook

建构教材学是教材历史、理论和实践的当下诉求。考释建构教材学的基础,现代教材研究发轫于清末新学教材分科编译滥觞之际,历经萌生—勃发期(1877—1919)、多元—活跃期(1920—1948)、规整—跌宕期(1949—1978)和复苏—繁荣期(1979年至今)的积淀,支撑教材学独立的资源平台、学科要素、运行机制日趋完善。推展建构教材学的逻辑,教材学是教育学的支撑学科,其学科特性源自教材的复杂多变性与话语博弈性;教材学研究教材现象与规律,可按基础性、应用性、学科性、交叉性、比较性划分学科谱系;教材学具有鲜明的实践品格,指导教材编创、教材教学、教材评价是其核心功能。筹划教材学发展的方略,未来尤需推动教材理论的问题域转换,建构教材研究的方法论体系,开掘教材立论的学科化进路,增强教材编研的制度性保障。

Discipline of textbook construction is the current pursuit of textbook history,theory and practice.Exploring the basis of constructing discipline of textbook,modern textbook research originated from New Education during the late Qing Dynasty when textbook discipline compilation began.It has accumulated over start-bloom period(1877—1919),diversity-dynamic period(1920—1948),regulation-uncertainty period(1949—1978)and recovery-prosperity period(1979 till now).Currently,discipline element,resource platform and operating mechanism,which support the independence of discipline of textbook,have improved.Broadening the logic of discipline of textbook construction,discipline of textbook is the supporting discipline of education,whose discipline features derive from the complexity and utterance controversy of textbook.Discipline of textbook involves researches on textbook phenomena and rules,which can classify textbook spectrum based on fundamentality,applicability,disciplinarity,intersectionality and comparability.With the distinct practical character,discipline of textbook informs textbook compilation,textbook teaching and textbook assessment,which are its core functions.Designing the strategies to develop discipline of textbook,it is necessary to promote problem domain transformation of textbook theory,establish methodology system of textbook research,excavate disciplinization path of textbook elaboration and enhance systematic guarantee of textbook compiling-research in the future.