中小型水库防洪标准对比研究及对策建议

A comparative study of flood control standards for small and medium-sized reservoirs and recommendation

我国中小型水库众多、分布广泛,为社会提供了极大的经济和生态效益,但也有可能因大坝失事给水库下游地区造成人员伤亡和财产损失,成为洪灾风险的来源之一。通过与美国大坝等级划分和入库设计洪水选择指南的对比,指出了我国相关设计规范中,对中小型水库防洪标准的规定相对偏低,与我国当前的经济社会发展水平不相适应;分析论证了我国存在高风险潜在危险的中小型水库提高防洪标准的必要性和可行性,并提出了提高我国高风险潜在危险等级的中小型水库防洪能力的对策建议。

Small and medium-sized reservoirs in China,numerous and widely distributed,play a vital role in our lives.However,it should be recognized that in addition to providing economic,social,and ecological benefits,they can also be a source of risk to the downstream areas with dam failure potentially resulting in unacceptable loss of lives and damage to properties.This paper compares the guidelines for dam classification and selection of inflow design flood in the United States,and points out that the flood control standards for small and medium-sized reservoirs are relatively low in the relevant design specifications in China,which is not suitable for the current level of economic and social development in China.Then,the necessity and feasibility of raising the flood control standards of small and mediumsized reservoirs with high potential hazard are analyzed and demonstrated,and the suggestions to enhance the flood control ability of small and medium-sized reservoirs with high potential hazard are put forward.