金代汴京后苑园林对北宋东京后苑园林的嬗变研究

STUDY ON EVOLUTION OF THE ROYAL REAR GARDEN IN BIANJING OF THE JIN DYNASTY FROM THE ONE IN DONGJING OF THE NORTHERN SONG DYNASTY

金代汴京皇宫后苑被认为是北宋东京后苑的物质遗留。经过大量文献对比发现:北宋东京后苑在完颜亮时期焚毁殆尽,金代后苑是该时期重建的产物,其方位、园林风格、营建思想均发生了改变。北宋后苑中建筑数量多、体量大,叠山地位不突出,且以土山为主,政治意象显著,呈现出隋唐时期皇家园林的风格。金代后苑中的建筑数量明显减少、体量下降,大型叠山的地位突出,政治功能弱化。这种园林风格的差异与它们的功能、地位以及建造时间等因素有关。金代后苑建造的独立性证实了金代开封皇家园林的存在。

The royal rear garden in Bianjing of the Jin Dynasty was considered to be a physical heritage from Dongjing of the Northern Song Dynasty. After Comparing and analyzing a large number of literatures,it was found that the royal rear garden built in Dongjing of the Northern Song Dynasty was burned out in the regin of Wanyan Liang,and the royal rear garden of the Jin Dynasty was reconstructed in the period,whose orientation,style and architectural concept had been changed. In the Northern Song Dynasty,the quantity and volume of buildings in the royal rear garden were large,artificial mountains were not very prominent,which were almost mounds and were displayed strong political imagery,resonating with the style of royal gardens the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The quantity and volume of buildings in the royal rear garden of the Jin Dynasty decreased significantly,and large-scale artificial mountains were adopted,and political functions were weakened. The differences between garden styles were related to the function,status and construction times of them. The uniqueness of the architectural style for the royal rear garden in Bianjing of the Jin Dynasty verified the existence of Kaifeng Royal Garden in the Jin Dynasty.