国民对现代国家的意义

The Significance of Citizens to a Modern State

国民是国家塑造成的一种社会政治身份,蕴涵着社会人口与国家互动中形成的一套权利义务关系,具体表现为由国家保障其权利并能自主支配自己行为的个体。这样的社会政治身份,首先出现于欧洲民族国家的构建中。民族国家即现代国家在基于一元性国民权利构建制度体系的过程中,进一步丰富了国民的内涵并建立起相应的国民体系。采取民族国家制度体系的其他国家,也通过人口国民化而构建了自己的国民身份,并以其支撑自身民族国家的构建。国民在现代国家构建中扮演着关键性角色,成为构建现代国家大厦基础的砖石。西方的国民体系在受到多族化侵蚀后出现严重问题的现实也表明,成熟的现代国家的国民体系一旦出现问题,也会对现代国家大厦形成严重的冲击。鉴于此,对现代国家进行理论阐释和建设都不能忽略国民这个关键性的环节。

A citizen is a kind of social and political identity shaped by a state,which contains a set of right and obligation relationships formed in the interaction between social population and the state,specifically manifested as an individual whose rights are guaranteed by the state and who can control his own behaviors independently.Such a social and political identity first appeared in the construction of a European nation-state.In the process of constructing a system on the basis of unitary civil rights,the nation-state further enriches the connotation of citizens and establishes a corresponding civil system.Other countries that adopt the system of nation-state also construct their own civil identity through the citizenship of population and support the construction of their own nation-states.Citizens play a key role in the construction of a modern state,and become the building blocks of modern national buildings.The reality of serious problems in the western national system after multi-ethnic erosion also shows that once the civil system of a mature modern state has problems,it will also exert a serious impact on the modern state building.In view of this,the key link of citizens cannot be ignored in the theoretical interpretation and construction of a modern state.