淮河流域石山子文化与周边地区考古学文化关系探析

Study on Relation between Shishanzi Culture of Huaihe River Basin and Archaeological Culture of Surrounding Area

淮河流域是我国史前文明的重要发祥地之一。距今约7900年至5700年的淮河中游流域石山子文化在产生和发展过程中,与海岱地区的后李文化、北辛文化、大汶口文化,黄河流域的裴李岗文化、仰韶文化,淮河流域的顺山集文化、青莲岗文化之间存在紧密的联系。同处淮河流域的顺山集文化早于石山子文化,但石山子文化一期遗存承继了顺山集文化的主要特征,反映出顺山集文化是石山子文化的主要源头之一。由于地缘的原因,石山子文化与大汶口文化之间的交流活动颇为频繁。随着自然环境的恶化,石山子文化二期晚段以后开始走向衰落。到了距今5500年左右,淮河中游流域的人类生存环境得以改善,海岱地区的大汶口文化乘机南下,占领了原来的石山子文化分布区。

Huaihe river basin is one of the most important birthplace of pre-historical civilization of our country.In the process of birth and development of Shishanzi culture in middle reaches of Huaihe,there are close links between the culture and Houli culture and Beixin culture and Dawenkou culture of Haidai region,Peiligang culture and Yangshao culture of Yellow River basin,Shunshanji culture and Qingliangang culture of Huaihe basin about 7900-5700 years ago.The relation between Shishanzi culture of Huaihe river basin and archaeological culture of surrounding area in terms of Handicraft production level and social economic formation and tomb features and settlement patterns and beliefs and customs is studied,through comparative analysis of such remains as pottery and stone artifact and bone artifact,and such relics as ash pits and tombs and house location.Shunshanji culture of Huaihe basin is ealier than Shishanzi culture.However,period one of Shishanzi culture carried forward the main features of Shunshanji culture,which reflected that Shunshanji culture is one of the main source of Shishanzi culture.Communication between Shishanzi culture and Dawenkou culture is frequent because of geographical relationship.As natural environment deteriorated,it was on the decline from late period two of Shishanzi culture.Up to about 5500 years ago,human living environment was improved in middle reaches of Huaihe river,Dawenkou culture of Haidai region took the opportunity to develop southward and occupied the original area of Shishanzi culture.