放开油气勘查开采准入限制对国有大型石油公司勘探开发活动的影响

Impact of oil and gas exploration and exploitation access release on exploration activities of giant state-owned petroleum enterprises in China

2015年以来,中国政府针对矿业权改革先后出台一系列政策,为更好落实油气矿业权改革精神,有效增强国内油气资源保障能力,实现国有油气企业自身可持续发展,通过国内外矿业权出让模式对比及本轮矿业权改革相关政策研究,探析了中国矿业权市场开放及出让方式改变对国有大型石油公司油气勘探开发活动产生的影响。这些影响主要包括区块获取难度大、获取及持有成本大幅增加、对石油公司统筹安排区块投资要求高、对系统性勘查具有一定的局限性及对矿业权综合管理要求提高。分析认为中国将逐步形成以大型国有油气公司为主导、多种经济成分共同参与的勘查开采体系。从国家和石油公司两个层面提出建立统一出让平台定期分批次释放勘查区块、免缴有偿方式取得油气矿业权的使用费、完善矿业权出让的运作方式、加强同盆地评价优选、建立适应竞争性出让的管理评价体系五大建议。

Since 2015,a series of policies have been issued successively in China aiming at the reform of mining rights,among which releasing restrictions on access to oil and gas exploration and exploitation is a key point of this policy,and will inevitably be of major influence on the existing pattern of domestic oil and gas exploration and exploitation.In this paper,though comparison of mining rights transfer modes between China and abroad,and analysis of policies reformation in association with releasing access restrictions on oil and gas exploration and exploitation,the influence of opening mining rights market and changing in the mode of mining rights transfer on oil and gas exploration and development activities was investigated,and furthermore,corresponding measures coping with the policies were recommended.In order to better implement the spirit of oil and gas mining rights reform,effectively enhance China’s capacity to secure oil and gas resources,realize the sustainable development of state-owned oil and gas enterprises,this paper puts forward five suggestions from two levels of the state and oil companies,including a unified transfer platform to release exploration blocks regularly in batches,free of operating cost for paid oil and gas mining rights,improvement in the operation mode of mining rights transfer,evaluation and selection of favorable areas in basin wide,and a management evaluation system suitable for competitive transfer.