我国海水利用工程取水构筑物型式研究

Study on types of intake structures of seawater utilization projects in China

为了明晰不同海水利用工程中经济适用的海水取水构筑物型式,简化海水取水构筑物的选型过程,分类统计了现有海水冷却工程和海水淡化工程的取水流量及所采用的取水构筑物型式,并对取水流量、取水水温、水面波动和水文地质对取水构筑物选型的影响进行了分析。结果表明,取水流量是决定海水取水构筑物选型的最重要因素。在取水流量范围依次减小的情况下,滨海核电厂海水直流冷却工程海水取水构筑物主要以引水明渠、引水隧洞或明渠与隧洞的组合为主;滨海火电厂海水直流冷却工程海水取水构筑物主要以引水箱涵为主,明渠和隧洞也有少数采用;滨海火电厂海水循环冷却工程可以选用的取水构筑物型式多样,如引水箱涵、引水隧洞、潮汐式取水构筑物、岸边式取水泵房、与直流冷却取水构筑物合用等;海水淡化工程一般情况下宜与海水冷却工程共用海水取水构筑物,或采用沙滩井、大口井及潜水泵直接取水等。

In order to reveal appropriate seawater intake structures applying to different seawater utilization projects and simplify relevant type selection process,the intake flow rate and intake structures′types of current seawater cooling projects and seawater desalination projects were classified statistically,and then,the influence of intake water flow rate,intake water temperature,water surface fluctuation and hydrogeology on intake structures′selection were analyzed.The result showed that,intake water flow rate is the most important factor that influencing intake structures′selection.According to the different intake flow rate,open channel,diversion tunnel and their combinations are suitable for seawater once-through cooling system of coastal nuclear power plants.For seawater once-through cooling system of coastal thermal power plant,diversion culvert box is the most popular seawater intake structure;open channel and diversion tunnel are feasible sometimes.Seawater circulating cooling system of coastal thermal power plant only demands a little intake flow rate,therefore,many types of intake structures could be selected,such as:diversion culvert box,diversion tunnel,tidal intake structures,seaside pumping house,sharing intake structures with seawater once-through cooling system and so on.It is economical for seawater desalination plants to share seawater intake structure with seawater cooling systems or draw water from beach well,large opening well with submersible pump.