中美山区地名语言学维度研究

On Chinese and American Geographic Names from Linguistic Dimensions

地名被称为人类文明的活化石,每个地区不同的历史地理文化可以从其地名中窥探一二。山区有其独特的地形和文化,选取中国商洛地名以及美国凤凰城地名为切入点,从语音、构词、语义三个维度,音节、音韵(调)、词量、词性、结构(词源)、专名命名理据、通名命名理据七个层面进行对比分析,详细描述了两地地名的相同和不同点,深入挖掘了其命名理据,结果发现,两者地名均向多音节词发展,词量多为2~3词,商洛地名更多以"专名+通名"的形式出现,命名理据因历史、宗教、价值观不同而不同,可以拓展山区地名研究,促进地名翻译,有助于地方文化的对外宣传。

The geographic names are called the living fossil of human civilization,from which the special history and geographical culture of different area could be obtained.The mountain area has its unique terrain and culture.The geographic names of Shangluo in China and Phoenix in America were selected to make a comparison from 3 dimensions as sounds,word-formation and semantic.The detailed similarities and differences were described from 7 aspects which were syllable,rhyme(tone),word number,part of speech,structure(origin),reasons for specific names and for general names.The results showed that the names of the 2 places developed to multi-syllables and most of names contain 2~3 words;the most of names in Shangluo are in form of"special name+general name";the naming reasons are different from history,religion and value.The results can expand the study of geographical names in mountainous areas,which promotes the geographical names translation and improve local cultural publicity.