晚明越中地区文人家族园林探析

Literati Family Gardens in Shaoxing County in Late Ming Dynasty

晚明越中园林整体呈现广泛的造园实践与较高的艺术水平,但相关领域研究在深度与广度上都有所欠缺。以晚明时期越中地区极为显著的望族现象及家族营园风气为切入点,以张氏、祁氏、陶氏家族为例,分析其繁盛园林文化产生的背景与原因,探究不同家族各具特色的营园实践思想和家族间的互动交流,以及对形成园林地域特色的促进作用。研究发现:文人家族为晚明越中造园的主要推动者,并依靠数代间的持续实践,发展出个性鲜明的特征:如张氏崇尚“匠心”、强调“内省”;祁氏以对山水的责任感维系造园热情、明确造园观念;陶氏则擅长利用奇特的采石宕地貌造园。同时这些个性特征又依托各家族间的广泛交流,产生了更为深远的地域影响。

Gardens of Shaoxing county in the late Ming Dynasty presented extensive gardening practice and a high artistic level as a whole.However researches in related fields were deficient in-depth and breadth.This research cites private gardens of the Zhang,Qi and Tao families as examples to explore the background and significance of the thriving family gardening culture in Shaoxing in the late Ming Dynasty.The result reveals that literati families in Shaoxing were the main promotors of the gardening practice and developed gardens of distinctive features as a result of generations of efforts.It has also found that the communication and interactions among these literati families enriched the garden culture of the late Ming Dynasty,leaving a far-reaching geographical impact.