自研型黑曲霉丸化种衣剂对高粱种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

Effect of Self-Developed Aspergillus niger Pelletized Seed Coat on Sorghum Seed Germination and Seedling Growth

【目的】黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)是一种广泛存在于自然界的腐生真菌,也是重要的工业发酵微生物,在工业酶制剂及有机酸发酵方面得以应用。因其具有强大的酶系统,可溶解土壤中的难溶盐分,促进植株生长,且具有抑菌性而在农业上被广泛应用。在黑曲霉作为丸粒化种衣剂的有效成分的条件下,探究了该制剂对高粱(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,为新型高粱种衣剂的研发及其合理应用提供理论依据。【方法】以高粱种子及幼苗为研究对象,采用室内发芽和盆栽试验相结合的方法,采用自研型黑曲霉丸粒化种衣剂对高粱种子进行丸粒化包衣,播种后测定高粱种子的发芽势、发芽率、幼苗素质及对高粱幼苗叶斑病的防效,以评价黑曲霉丸化种衣剂对高粱种子萌发及幼苗生长发育的影响。【结果】黑曲霉的最佳的包衣浓度为5×10^(8)cfu/g,当浓度为1×10^(9)cfu/g黑曲霉丸化种衣剂对高粱种子萌发及幼苗生长有一定程度的抑制作用;适宜浓度的黑曲霉丸粒化种衣剂对高粱种子的发芽率及发芽势有促进作用,使发芽率提高3.3~10个百分点,出苗率提高11.6个百分点;可使高粱根长伸长11.2~34.8个百分点,株高矮化27.8~41.5个百分点,单株幼苗鲜质量提高21.9~162.8个百分点,根冠比增大6.7~46.7个百分点,根系活力提高4.6~20.2个百分点;对高粱叶斑病防治效果达63.37%~82.77%。【结论】将适宜浓度的黑曲霉引入到丸化种衣剂中,可促进高粱种子萌发,显著提高其幼苗根长、根冠比、根系活力及单株鲜质量,使株高矮化,提高其抗倒伏能力,并且对高粱叶斑病有一定的防效;但过量浓度的黑曲霉包衣高粱种子则降低高粱种子发芽势、根长及根系活力,对高粱种子萌发及幼苗生长有一定程度的抑制作用。适宜浓度的黑曲霉丸化种衣剂是保苗壮苗及安全生产的新型环保种衣剂。研究结果可对新型丸化种衣剂的研发提供科学参考、对黑曲霉的应用前景提供新的理论依据、对有机高粱的生产提供新的思路及保障高粱质量安全具有重要的意义。

[Objective]Aspergillus niger is a saprophytic fungus that exists widely in nature.An important industrial fermentation microorganism,it is used in industrial enzyme preparations and organic acid fermenta⁃tion.Because of its powerful enzyme system,Aspergillus niger can dissolve the insoluble salt in the soil,promote plant growth,and has fungicidal properties.Therefore,this article explores the effect of Aspergillus niger on the germination and seedling growth of sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)under the condition that Aspergillus niger is used as the active ingredient of selt-developed pelletized seed coat.It provides theoretical basis for the development and rational application of new sorghum seed coat and the rational application of Aspergillus niger.[Method]Taking sorghum as the research material,using the method of indoor germination and pot experi⁃ment,the self-developed Aspergillus niger pelletized seed coat was used to pelletize the sorghum seeds,and the germination properties of the sorghum seeds was measured after sowing,germination rate,seedling quality of the sorghum seeds after sowing and the control effect on sorghum seedling leaf spot disease were measured to evalu⁃ate the effect of Aspergillus niger pelletized seed coat on sorghum seed germination and seedling growth.[Re⁃sult]The test results showed that the best coating concentration of Aspergillus niger was 5×10^(8)cfu/g.When As⁃pergillus niger pelletized seed coating agent at the concentration of 1×10^(9)cfu/g coated sorghum seeds,the germi⁃nation potential,root length and root vitality of sorghum seeds were reduced,indicating that it had a certain de⁃gree of inhibition on sorghum seed germination and seedling growth;suitable concentration of Aspergillus niger pelletized seed coating agent could promote the germination rate and germination potential of sorghum seeds and increase the germination rate by a percentage of 3.3-10,and the rate of emergence by a percentage of 11.6;the sorghum root length could be extended by a percentage of 11.2-34.8,the plant height could be reduced by a percentage of 27.8-41.5,and the fresh quality of single plant seedlings could be increased by a percentage of 21.9-162.8,and the root-shoot ratio could be increased by a percentage of 6.7-46.7,the root vitality could be increased by a percentage of 4.6-20.2;in addition,the control effect of the suitable concentration of Aspergillus niger pelletized seed coating agent on sorghum leaf spot was 63.37%-82.77%[.Conclusion]Introducing the ap⁃propriate concentration of Aspergillus niger into the pelletized seed coating agent can promote the germination of sorghum seeds,significantly increase its seedling root length,root-to-shoot ratio,root vitality and fresh weight per plant,reduce plant height and increase its lodging resistance,and has a certain control effect on sorghum leaf spot;however,excessive concentration of Aspergillus niger reduces the germination potential,root length and root vigor of sorghum seeds,and has a certain effect on the germination and seedling growth of sorghum seeds.Appropriate concentration of Aspergillus niger pelletized seed coating agent is a new environmentally friendly seed coating agent for protecting and strengthening seedlings and safe production.The results of this study provides a scientific reference for the research and development of new pelletized seed coating agents,pro⁃vides a new theoretical basis for the application prospects of Aspergillus niger,and provides new ideas for the production of organic sorghum and guarantee of the quality and safety of sorghum.