高速铁路隧道壁面气动荷载研究现状与趋势分析

Research Status and Trend of Aerodynamic Load on the Wall of High-Speed Railway Tunnel

高速铁路隧道壁面气动荷载是隧道结构破坏的主要诱因之一,了解并掌握其特征对高速铁路隧道结构设计与安全营运具有重要的理论意义与工程价值。通过论述高速铁路隧道壁面气动荷载特征与现场实车测试、动模型试验以及数值仿真模拟三种研究手段的技术现状与未来发展趋势。总结归纳得出:(1)列车驶入隧道前,壁面气动荷载峰值小、持续时间短;列车在隧道内行驶时,壁面气动荷载表现为正负峰值不等的不规则变化规律;列车车尾驶出隧道后,气动荷载表现为周期性正负峰值交替的衰减规律。(2)三维光纤贴壁线性布置技术利于实现隧道全断面、全长测点布置,且具有重复利用率高,试验费用低、工作量少等优点,可作为现场实车测试过程中数据采集系统的一个重要比选方案,电机控制能进一步提高模型列车运行速度的控制精度,可作为未来动模型试验系统动力控制的优选技术之一。

The aerodynamic load on the wall of high-speed railway tunnel is one of the main causes of tunnel structural damage.Understanding and mastering its characteristics has important theoretical significance and engineering value for the structural design and safe operation of high-speed railway tunnels.The characteristics of aerodynamic pressure on the wall of high-speed railway tunnel,current research status and future development trends of three research methods including full-scale train test,moving model test and numerical simulation,were discussed in this paper.Research results show that:(1)Before the train enters the tunnel,the peak pressure of the aerodynamic pressure on tunnel wall is small,and the duration is short.During the train running inside the tunnel,the aerodynamic pressure shows irregular changes with different positive and negative peaks.After the train leaves the tunnel,the aerodynamic pressure shows a decay trend with alternating positive and negative peak periodically.(2)The adherent linear layout technology of threedimensional optical fiber has advantages such as full section and full length layout,high reuse rate,low test cost and less workload etc.,which can be an alternative scheme for data acquisition system of fullscale train test.The motor can further improve the control accuracy of model train speed,which can be used as one of the preferred technologies for power control of the dynamic model test system in the future.