快速城镇化背景下“中国传统村落”命名手段的效果分析——以江西省的空间制图分析为例

Effect of“Traditional Chinese Village”policy under the background of rapid urbanization in China:Taking Jiangxi Province as an example

快速城镇化是古村落消失的主要原因。为阻止这种趋势,保护、利用古村落遗产,自然资源部、文化旅游部、国家文物局、财政部四部门联合公布"中国传统村落"名单。论文的研究目标是用地理学的空间分析方法,分析这种行政手段的有效性。选择江西省作为案例地的原因是江西"中国传统村落"数量超过中国各省平均值,相关数据容易获得。论文提出2个先验命题:一是在城镇化辐射强的地带古村落保护受到的挑战最大;二是"中国传统村落"命名的行政措施在一定程度上阻止了村落建筑遗产的消失。采用夜晚灯光遥感数据、GDP和人口的栅格数据、交通路网数据确定6个城镇化辐射等级地带,而后与"中国传统村落"密度、文物数据、新村数据对比。经过分析,支持了上述2个命题,从而表明"中国传统村落"命名手段虽然不能挽回消失的古村落,但是在一定程度阻止了消失的趋势。

Rapid urbanization is the main reason for the disappearance of villages with rich cultural and historical heritage.In order to reverse this trend and achieve the purpose of protecting and using ancient village resources,the Ministry of Natural Resources,the Ministry of Culture and Tourism,the State Administration of Cultural Heritage,and the Ministry of Finance jointly announced the list of"Traditional Chinese Villages".The goal of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of this administrative method by using the spatial analysis method of geography.Jiangxi Province was chosen as the research area for two reasons:the number of Traditional Chinese Villages in the province exceeds the average of all provinces in China;and the related data are available to our research team.Two hypotheses of this study are tested that the disappearance of traditional villages is most obvious around cities;and that identifying"Traditional Chinese Villages"has prevented to some extent the disappearance of old architecture and the historical heritage of ancient villages.This study used nightlight remote sensing,gross domestic product,and population data in grid format and road network data to comprehensively determine and map the zones of urban influence in Jiangxi Province.It then compared the map of urban influence zones with the density of the Traditional Chinese Villages in the province.The results support the two hypotheses.Finally,this article showed that although the naming of Traditional Chinese Villages cannot restore the disappeared ancient villages,it has thwarted the disappearing trend to a certain extent.We recommend that when identifying and naming Traditional Chinese Villages in the future,relevant government departments should pay more attention to ancient villages around cities.