广州旧城微改造全要素评价分析及更新策略研究——以恩宁路(永庆坊)微改造为例

Study on the Evaluation and Renewal Strategy of the Total Factor of Guangzhou Old Town Micro-Reform:Taking Enning Road(Yongqing Fang)Micro-Reform as an Example

历经改革开放四十年的快速发展后,城市老城区在基础设施、地域特色、人文建设等多方面呈现滞后发展现象,微改造作为新的更新方式被提出并运用实践。从总结国内主要城市更新评价工作研究及不足,引出以“全要素”为抓手对评价体系进行完善补充;以梳理广州更新发展阶段和特点为基础,通过实地调查、问卷、访谈及相关理论研究,对恩宁路微改造从社会效益、经济效益和环境效益三个层面详细梳理,建立微改造全要素评价框架体系并作出优劣评价和经验总结。再从理念和方法管理两个层面提出“三观四性”的更新造实施建议和策略;推进城市更新改造理论研究,并指导当下各城市如火如荼的旧城微改造实践。

After over 40 years’rapid development of reform and opening up,the situation of land resources shortage is becoming more and more severe,and the old urban areas are lagging behind in terms of infrastructure,regional characteristics,cultural construction,social structure imbalance,etc.In March 2014,the national new urbanization plan(2014-2020)was officially released,which proposed“according to the requirements of equal emphasis on transformation and renewal,protection and restoration,the old city transformation mechanism should be improved to optimize and enhance the function of the old city”.Guangzhou launched the“micro-reform”of old residential areas in real time as a new way for renewal,and put it into practice.This paper sorts out the development process of Guangzhou’s old city renewal,and divides it into three main stages:the preliminary exploration stage of the overall environment driven by market economic benefits from 1978 to 2000,the“three old-reform”stage of resource integration,government and market cooperation from 2000 to 2014,and the“organic renewal”stage that focuses on gradual renewal from 2015 to now,namely the micro transformation stage.The transformation of urban renewal from three old-reform to micro-reform reflects the change of old city planning thoughts,and also reflects the trend of Guangzhou’s urban renewal,which respects historical context with more emphasis on peopleoriented and sustainable and harmonious development.From the summary of the main domestic urban renewal evaluation research to overview,the lack of integrity and accuracy analysis leads to the“total factor”as the starting point to improve the evaluation system.On the basis of consulting and evaluating professional knowledge,interviewing construction managers,summarizing on-the-spot investigation(observation,questionnaire,and interview)and collecting public opinions,the relevant inf luencing factors are determined.Then,combined with the design elements of urban renewal,the classification is refined by using AHP,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and factor analysis method,and the Delphi method is used to determine the index according to the standard weight,qualitative analysis,quantitative measurement and judgment are comprehensively adopted.Combined with theoretical research,the micro reconstruction of Enning Road is sorted out in detail from three aspects of social benefits,economic benefits and environmental benefits,and a total factor evaluation framework of“three levels,15 categories,39 sub categories,108 index elements”is proposed,and advantages and disadvantages evaluation and experience summary are made.Generally speaking,the renovation and reconstruction of Enning Road can be described as the government,experts,citizens and social enterprises.After more than ten years of running in,it has explored the renewal mode of the old city cultural block integrating“cultural innovation+system innovation+management innovation”.Among them,Yongqingfang area has been highly praised by the society,and has become a national reconstruction demonstration project.The shortcomings are as follows:1)in the later stage,the micro transformation of Yongqingfang also has been in the strong intervention of scholars and the government,and the“Utopian”vision plus the“pulling out the seedlings to encourage”investment attraction will inevitably lack sufficient market vitality and source power after a period of time,so the social“assistance”is needed in the follow-up;2)there are some deficiencies in the analysis of environmental protection and energy conservation,sustainable development of community,and the identification of residents’psychology,that is,there are deficiencies in the long-term development of the city and the construction of residents’internal well-being.Based on the analysis of the total elements of micro-reform,the paper summarizes the“three outlooks and four natures”strategy at the concept level,method level and management level:implement the people-oriented human-oriented development concept starting from material and cultural needs,harmonious development concept of promoting economic vitality,and ecological sustainable development concept of building an ecological livable city;and the organic integrity and mode of overall coordination and coordination in order to help the old city renewal and transformation to achieve scientific guidance and control,and to guide the current cities in full swing of micro transformation practice of the old city.It pays attention to the inheritance of the culture of the neighborhood,and pays attention to the inheritance and transformation of the culture of the block.The total factor evaluation of micro-reform mainly improves the renewal evaluation system from the following three aspects.Firstly,referring to the comprehensive system of sustainable assessment,this paper supplements and deepens the partial macro material space index and economic evaluation index of urban renewal in terms of integrity with the total factor holistic view,emphasizing a comprehensive and multidimensional evaluation,which is helpful for the follow-up scholars to study.Secondly,the evaluation framework of the whole factor can reflect the thought of comprehensive dialectics,and can show the relationship between different factors in the process of in-depth factor analysis.The evaluation process is mainly quantified by multi-layer factor relationship,which is the back link of complex things,and thus is helpful for the implementation of micro-reform of old city.Thirdly,the total factor evaluation method introduces the psychological core concept of community researchers and the concept of environmental protection and energy conservation in sustainable evaluation research,and establishes relevant factors to establish a practical evaluation framework suitable for residents’life and the society.