危中觅机:清政府应对巴塘事变考论

Finding opportunity in Crisis:A Research on Qing Government Responding Batang Incident

光绪三十一年(1905年)三月一日,驻藏帮办大臣凤全在巴塘被杀,此事件为清政府强化川边控驭提供了契机。事变发生后,四川总督锡良关于事变以及川边局势的判断汇报直接影响了清廷决策,最终清廷和锡良上下呼应,出于强化边地兵力的目的做出续派建昌道赵尔丰赴边的决议。然而,此举不可避免地诱生新矛盾,即赵尔丰与此前派往泰凝办理边务的四川提督马维骐形成人事重叠,加之两人皆对赴边心存畏葸,以致互相推诿卸责乃至龃龉时现。最终,锡良调马氏回川而留赵氏全权主导川边事务。随着六月二十四日清军攻克巴塘,锡良、赵尔丰皆思借兵事之利在巴塘推行改土归流并开始谋划具体实施办法,这就接续了鹿传霖未竟的川边改土归流事业,清末川边历史进程亦由此发生重大转折。

Feng Quan was killed in Batang on March 1,1905,which provided an opportunity for the Qing government to strengthen the control of the border of Sichuan. Sichuan governor His-Liang’s report on the incident directly affected the attitude of the central government. At last,Qing government send Zhao Erfeng to the border to strengthen the forces,but it inevitably made new conflicts between Zhao Erfeng and the former officer Ma Weiqi,who had different views on border issues with Zhao Erfeng. In the end,Hsi-Liang transferred Ma back to Sichuan and let Zhao wholly manage the affairs.With the Qing army conquered Batang on June 24,Hsi and Zhao both wanted to take advantage of the benefit of military to carry out local administration reform and continued Lu Chuanlin’s unfinished reform. This became a milestone of late Qing Dynasty in governing border areas in Sichuan.