镉对苹果生长发育和矿质元素含量的影响

Effects of cadmium on growth and mineral elements content in apple tissues

为了探究镉(Cd)对苹果植株生长发育和各组织矿质元素含量的影响,以2年生烟富3/T337和王林/T337为试材,测定了25mg/kg镉处理下叶片光合参数、解剖结构和各组织矿质元素含量。结果表明,镉胁迫对2个品种叶片光合参数具有明显的抑制作用,‘烟富3’和‘王林’叶片净光合速率分别降低62.46%和46.04%。镉处理下叶片厚度、栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度均显著低于对照,但‘烟富3’叶片上表皮厚度增加。镉能够抑制苹果叶片氮和钾含量,促进磷的吸收。镉处理对苹果植株不同组织钙、硼、铜、铁和锌含量的影响存在差异,根系钙、硼和锌含量均显著低于对照,铜含量显著高于对照。叶片铜、铁和锌含量均显著低于对照,‘烟富3’叶片钙含量显著高于对照,而‘王林’叶片钙含量低于对照。综上所述,镉能够抑制苹果植株生长发育,降低植株根系氮、钾、钙、硼、锌含量,以及叶片铜、铁、锌含量。

In order to investigate the effects of cadmium on the growth and development of apple plants and the content of mineral elements in various tissues, photosynthetic parameters and anatomical structure of apple leaves, and the mineral element content of each tissue under 25 mg/kg cadmium treatment were measured using 2-year-old Yanfu 3/T337 and Wanglin/T337 as test materials. The results showed that cadmium stress significantly inhibited the photosynthetic parameters of two apple leaves, and the net photosynthetic rate of Yanfu 3 and Wanglin decreased by 62.46% and 46.04%, respectively. Under cadmium treatment, the thickness of apple leaves was significantly lower, and the thickness of palisade tissue and sponge tissue was significantly lower than that of the control, but the upper epidermis thickness of the apple leaves of Yanfu 3 increased. Cadmium inhibited the N and K content of apple leaves and promoted the absorption of P content. The effects of cadmium treatment on the contents of Ca, B, Cu, Fe and Zn in different tissues of apple plants were different. The content of Ca, B and Zn in the root system was significantly lower than the control, and the content of Cu was significantly higher than the control. The contents of Cu, Fe and Zn in the leaves were significantly lower than those in the control, and the Ca content in the leaves of Yanfu 3 apple was significantly higher than that in the control, while the Ca content in the leaves of Wanglin was higher than the control. In summary, cadmium can inhibit the growth and development of apple plants, reduce N, K, Ca, B and Zn in the roots of the plants, as well as Cu, Fe and Zn in the leaves in the plants.