大功率盘形激光焊接飞溅动态识别和特征分析

Spatter Dynamic Recognition and Feature Analysis During High-power Disk Laser Welding

提出了一种识别飞溅动态并基于飞溅特征分析焊接状态的方法。以304不锈钢板为试验对象,进行大功率盘形激光平板堆焊试验。利用高速相机捕捉紫外波段和可见光波段的飞溅图像,通过图像处理提取飞溅特征参数,包括质心位置、面积、灰度、平均灰度和半径。基于飞溅特征参数建立飞溅搜索信息库和相似度函数,用于识别飞溅、计算飞溅体积和灰度以及评估焊接状态。通过焊缝宽度与飞溅特征信息的比较,研究焊接状态与飞溅特征参数之间的内在关系。对飞溅特征与焊接状态之间关系进行了试验分析,结果表明,激光焊接过程中飞溅的体积和灰度值增大,焊缝宽度会相应减小,通过飞溅特征参数可有效监测和评估大功率盘形激光焊接过程的状态。

An approach for recognizing spatter dynamics and analyzing welding status based on spatter feature is proposed.A type 304 austenitic stainless steel plate is taken as a testing object for high-power disk laser bead-on-plate welding experiment.A high-speed camera is used to capture the ultraviolet band and visible light band spatter images.Image processing extracted spatter feature parameters,including centroid position,area,grayscale,average grayscale,and radius.Spatter searching information database and similarity functions are established based on spatter feature parameters to recognize the spatter,calculate spatter volume and grayscale,and evaluate the welding status.By comparing the weld seam width with the spatter feature information,the internal relation between the welding status and the spatter feature parameters is investigated.The test results of the relationship between spatter characteristics and welding state show that the weld width will decrease with the increase of spatter volume and gray value in the process of laser welding.It can be seen that the status of a high-power disk laser welding process could be monitored and evaluated through the spatter feature parameters.