从锌锗浸出液中提取锗的研究进展

Research Progress on Germanium Extraction from Zinc-Germanium Leaching Solution

锗资源开发对通讯和航空航天行业的发展具有重要的战略意义,由于提取锗的原料有限,所以开发和优化锗提取工艺受到日益关注.通过综述国内外从锌锗浸出液中提取锗的研究进展,对比多种锗的提取方法,总结出单宁沉锗法为应用最广泛的提锗方法.该方法具有绿色环保、操作简单的优点,但也存在单宁用量大,锗直收率低等问题亟待解决.基于超声波具有频率高、方向性好等优点,且已成功应用于湿法冶金工业中,因此进一步提出将超声外场引入单宁沉锗工艺中,并详细分析了超声外场强化的可行性和机理,以期降低单宁酸用量,提高锗直收率.指出超声外场强化单宁沉锗新工艺具有很好的研究和应用前景.

The exploitation of germanium resources has important strategic significance for the development of communication and aerospace industries.Due to the limited raw materials for germanium extraction,the development and optimization of germanium extraction technology has been increasingly concerned.This article reviews the research progress of germanium extraction from zinc-germanium leaching solution at domestic and foreign,compares various germanium extraction methods,and concludes that the tannins precipitation method is the most widely used germanium extraction method.This method has the advantages of environmental protection and simple operation,but there are also problems such as large tannins consumption and low germanium direct yield which need to be solved urgently.Based on the advantages of high frequency and good directionality of ultrasound,and it has been successfully applied in the hydrometallurgical industry.This paper further proposes to introduce the ultrasonic field into the tannins precipitation germanium process,and analyzes the feasibility and mechanism of ultrasonic field enhancement in detail,so as to reduce the amount of tannins and increase the direct yield of germanium.Finally,it is pointed out that the new technology of enhanced tannins precipitation by ultrasonic field has good research and application prospects.