生物进化视角下军民融合企业技术转移机制研究

A research on the technology transfer mechanism of military-civilian integration enterprises in the perspective of biological evolution

作为军民科技融合的重要载体,军民融合企业技术转移对于深入实施军民深度融合国家战略,加快新时代国家科技创新体系建设具有非常重要的意义。通过借鉴生物四大进化理论,厘清军民融合企业技术转移的因果回路,构建军民融合企业技术转移机制的系统动力学模型;以2012-2017年间中国A股证券市场军民融合板块下企业实际数据为基础,对其技术转移机制进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明:军民融合企业在单一技术到多种技术的发展中,技术接受数是关键变量,且对技术转让收入较为敏感;在合作联盟的过程中,政府补助相对于技术接受数和企业规模更具优势;从普通技术到核心技术的转移,研发经费投入强度的增加带来的效果比提高技术获取费用明显,且吸收创新能力随着军民融合程度的加深不断提高;环境和制度的变化中,技术接受数比企业规模对政府财政科技支出的影响更重要。

The technology transfer of military-civilian integration enterprise,which is an important carrier of military-civilian science and technology integration,is of great significance in implementing of the in-depth the national strategy of military-civilian integration and accelerating the construction of national science and technology innovation system in the new era.In view of the similarity between the theory of biological evolution and the development of military-civilian integration technology transfer,the technology transfer mechanism of military-civilian integration enterprises is analogized.The mechanism is to increase corporate profits,expand scale,and achieve the generalization of advanced technology through technology transfer among enterprises,between enterprises and research institutions,or among third-party institutions.In the process of technology research and development,transfer,and application,there are environmental,institutional,financial,and human influences.According to literature analysis,it is found that the introduction of biological evolution theory is an innovative direction in the research of technology transfer mechanism of military-civilian integration enterprises,and the combination of empirical and simulation in system dynamics is an effective method to explore the key factors in the mechanism evolution process.The four major evolutionary theories of organisms are well known,from single cells to multiple cells,from simple to complex,from lower to higher,from aquatic to terrestrial.This theory is borrowed from the study of military-civilian integration,and has obtained four perspectives:military-civilian integration technology transfer from single technology to multiple technologies,simple cooperation to complex alliances,common technology to core technology,lack of regulations to policy perfection.First,based on these four perspectives,the boundaries of technology transfer between military-civilian enterprises are determined,and four key causal circuits of technology transfer between military and civilian enterprises are obtained,and the relationship between various factors is clarified.Second,build a system dynamics model of the technology transfer mechanism of military-civilian integration enterprises,and divide the 21 variables involved in the model into state variables,rate variables,auxiliary variables,and constants based on system dynamics.Finally,based on the actual data of enterprises in the military-civilian integration section of Chinese A-share securities market from 2012 to 2017,the state variables and constants are assigned,the equations between the variables are calculated by SPSS,and the typical nonlinear variables are represented by table functions.After comparing the actual and simulated values of the four state variables,the article considers that the model is reasonable and can be simulated,and then enters the obtained equations and table functions into the model for simulation analysis.Because there are many variables in the model,according to the four key causal circuits,analogous to many theories of biological evolution,the four main issues need to be explored.First,explore whether technology transfer revenue changes as technology acceptance numbers changes,and supplement the impact of three variables on technology acceptance numbers,technology acquisition costs,and government subsidies on technology transfer revenue to clarify whether companies should pay more attention to technology acceptance numbers;Second,by comparing the size of the company,government subsidies,and technology acceptance numbers,analyze the advantages of the company in the cooperative alliance,and analyze which factor occupies an important position can make the company profit the most in the cooperative alliance;Third,does the military-civilian integration enterprise increase the proportion of research and development,increase revenue by increasing independent innovation capabilities,or increase the cost of acquiring technology,and purchase technology from other companies to increase revenue?Fourth,what kind of enterprises does the government favor?Are the companies larger or are they more focused on research and development,or do they accept the more technology numbers?The simulation results show:(1)In the development of military-civilian integration enterprises from single technology to multiple technologies,technology acceptance number is a key variable and it is sensitive to the technology transfer revenue.Therefore,it is concluded that the current technology transfer of military-civilian integration enterprises is accelerating the application and can rely on multiple technologies.This kind of technology transfer realizes profit,instead of"When you have a skill,you can eat your fill";(2)In the process of cooperation alliance,government subsidies have advantages over technology acceptance numbers and enterprise size.It can be seen that the government′s attitude towards enterprises is related to the status of military-civilian integration enterprises in the cooperative alliance.This dominance is the key to successful revenue generation for military-civilian integration technology transfer projects;(3)The transfer from ordinary technology to core technology,the increase in the intensity of research and development expenditure investment is more obvious than the increase in technology acquisition costs,and the ability to absorb innovation continues to increase with the deepening of military-civilian integration;(4)This analysis reveals whether the company should improve its independent innovation ability or rely on outsourced mature technology to develop;(5)In the changes of the environment and the system,technology acceptance numbers is more important than the impact of and enterprise size on the government fiscal technology expenditure.From the current situation,the government prefers companies with more technical resources and companies with stronger innovation capabilities.According to the simulation conclusion from the perspective of biological evolution,the article believes that military-civilian integration enterprises should focus on market demand and collect information comprehensively.Military-civilian integration enterprises can increase technology acceptances number by increasing research and development capabilities,or disassembly and reorganization after acquiring technology,and improve innovation capabilities and innovation efficiency,so as to win the favor of government,so as to gain the leading power on the road of cooperation alliance and realize income generation in the military-civilian integration technology transfer project.