认真对待“现象”——意识科学中的“纯粹经验”及其哲学意义

Taking “Phenomenon” Seriously: “Pure Experience” in Consciousness Science and Its Philosophical Significance

在认知科学中,"现象"一词指人类在感知外部事物或内在状态时,于意识中直接呈现的纯粹经验。受到一种可以称之为"概念全能主义"的观念影响,当代哲学和认知科学普遍坚持,现象的存在必须依赖其他更重要的认知能力,也即注意力或概念能力,纯粹现象因而遭到否定。然而通过对"斯佩林-兰德曼实验"的数据与结果进行分析权衡,可以在经验科学的意义上证明纯粹现象的存在,进而揭露概念全能主义的谬误。纯粹现象及其证明过程揭示出:处在人类认知界限之外的经验与世界是不能被摒弃和偷换的,它们是实在论链条的必要环节,并且能够在经验科学中得到认真的研究和对待。

In the terminology of cognitive science,"phenomenon" means the pure experience directly presented in consciousness when one perceives external objects or internal states.However,under the influence of an idea that can be called "Conceptual Omnipotentism",contemporary philosophy and cognitive science generally hold that phenomenon depends its existence upon other more important cognitive capabilities such as attentional or conceptual capacities.That is the reason why "pure phenomenon" has always been denied.However,we can prove the existence of non-conceptual pure phenomenon in the sense of empirical science,in terms of theoretical analyses and trade-offs of the data and results of "Sperling-Landman Experiment".Through the proving process of pure phenomenon,we can show the absurdity of Conceptual Omnipotentism,and realize that the experiences and world outside the limit of human cognition can never be rejected or replaced underhand;they are the necessary constituents in the chains of realism,and can be studied and taken seriously in empirical science.