传统工艺历史缘起的塑造现象探微——以芜湖铁画锻制技艺为例

An Exploration of the Phenomenon of Shaping the Historical Origin of Traditional Crafts: A Case Study of Wuhu Iron Painting

传统工艺传承于百姓日常的生产生活实践之中,其历史缘起在民间流传过程中,往往存在被后人不断塑造的现象,芜湖铁画锻制技艺就是一个较为典型的案例。关于芜湖铁画锻制技艺历史缘起的文献记载、传说故事精彩纷呈,但史实与虚构杂糅。文章对芜湖铁画的历史缘起进行再次考证,发现:安徽博物院所藏铁字"晴联"可能并非芜湖铁画创始人汤鹏所锻制,而是后人托名伪制的。汤鹏与萧云从砥砺合作创造芜湖铁画的主流说法,是清乾隆之后汤鹏故事三种体系之一——"萧云从呵叱汤鹏催生铁画"体系的再塑造,汤、萧之间有无直接交往应当存疑。

Traditional crafts were inherited in people’s daily practice of living and producing,and their historical origins were often shaped by the later generations in the process of folk transmission.Wuhu iron painting is a typical case.The historical documents and legends of Wuhu iron painting are abundant,but there are many contradictions among them.This paper reexamines the historical origin of Wuhu iron painting,and the results are as follows:The piece of iron characters,Qinglian,housed in Anhui Museum,was not likely to have been forged by Tang Peng,the originator of Wuhu iron painting,but was more likely to have been forged by some one of later generations in Tang’s name.The mainstream view holds that Wuhu iron painting was co-created by Tang Peng and Xiao Yuncong,but it should be questioned whether there was direct contact between Tang and Xiao.