L-氨基酸氧化酶的结构、底物谱、家族进化及应用研究进展

L-Amino Acid Oxidases,Recent Advances on Molecular Structure,Substrate Spectrum,Family Evolution,and Applications

L-氨基酸氧化酶(LAAO)是一类生物体内参与氨基酸氧化代谢的重要氧化还原酶,能够以氧分子为电子受体催化L-氨基酸氧化脱氨,生成相应的酮酸、氨(NH_(3))和过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2)).近期发现有些LAAO能够专一性识别特定氨基酸,而不受其他种类氨基酸的干扰,因而在手性胺类化合物拆分、α-酮酸生物合成、临床样本、食品及氨基酸发酵过程中氨基酸含量检测等领域都发挥着重要作用.本文重点综述目前研究报道的底物专一性LAAO,总结并比较这些酶的酶学性质、结构功能,以及家族进化规律等,并进一步讨论这些酶在生物催化及氨基酸检测中的应用.本综述将为底物特异性LAAO的分子机制研究及产业应用研究提供重要的素材和指导.

L-amino acid oxidases(LAAOs)are an important class of oxidoreductases that participate in the metabolism of amino acids.Employing oxygen molecule as the electron acceptor,LAAOs catalyze the oxidative deamination of L-amino acids and produce corresponding alpha keto acids,ammonia(NH_(3))and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).LAAOs with high substrate specificity can recognize the preferred amino acid specially.Therefore,LAAOs with high substrate specificity are promising in the application of chiral amine compounds resolution,alpha keto acid biosynthesis,and especially,in the detection of certain amino acids in clinical and food samples.Therefore,specific LAAOs has attracted wide attention in recent years.In this review,we will focus on the recent progress in LAAOs researches.We will emphasize the substrate specificity,structure-function relationship,and family evolution of these enzymes.We will also discuss the applications of these enzymes in biocatalysis and amino acid detection.This review will provide guidance for molecular mechanism research and industrial applications of LAAOs.