辽宁省玉米复合农业气象灾害判识及特征

Identification and characteristics of multiple agrometeorological disaster of maize in Liaoning Province,China

玉米生产过程中常常遭受复合农业气象灾害,为了解辽宁省玉米复合农业气象灾害发生规律和特征,本研究对复合农业气象灾害进行定义和分类,对1961—2017年辽宁省50个气象站玉米生长季的复合农业气象灾害发生情况进行判识,探讨典型年复合农业气象灾害对玉米产量的影响。结果表明:1961—2017年,大部分年份辽宁省玉米复合农业气象灾害的发生范围大于单一农业气象灾害,大部分地区复合农业气象灾害发生频率高于单一农业气象灾害。最主要的复合农业气象灾害是多个发育期遭遇干旱,其次是干旱与延迟型冷害并发。研究期间,多发育期干旱复合型灾害的发生范围呈现扩大趋势,其他复合类型灾害发生范围均呈缩小趋势。通过分析玉米典型减产年复合农业气象灾害发生情况,发现多发育期干旱复合型和干旱+低温冷害复合型两种灾害出现频率较高。

Multiple agrometeorological disaster(MAD)occurs simultaneously in maize production.In order to ascertain the occurrence regularity and characteristics of MAD of maize in Liaoning Pro-vince,we defined and classified MAD,identified MAD of 50 meteorological stations in the maize growing season of Liaoning Province from 1961 to 2017,and examined the effects of MAD on maize yield in typical years.The results showed that the occurrence range of MAD was higher in most years from 1961 to 2017 than that of single agrometeorological disaster(SAD),and that the occurrence frequency of MAD was higher in most areas than that of SAD.The major MAD in Liaoning Province was drought in multiple periods(M1-D),followed by the combination of drought and delayed cold damage(M2-DC).The occurrence range of M1-D showed an upward trend from 1961 to 2017,whereas other MAD types showed a downward trend.After analyzing the occurrence of MAD in the typical years of maize yield reduction,we found that the occurrence frequency of M1-D and M2-DC was higher.