从《鵩鸟赋》探贾谊对《庄子》的继承与发展

On Jia Yi’s Inheritance and Development of Zhuang Zi from Fu of Birds of Prey

贾谊前期仕途顺畅,其后被贬长沙,仕途的困顿给他带来的是精神上的苦痛。为消解仕途的失意,他选择借鉴《庄子》,《鵩鸟赋》正是贾谊沿革《庄子》的典型代表。基于贾谊本人的政治理念、个人经历以及当时道学兴盛的文化氛围,《鵩鸟赋》对《庄子》的借鉴呈现出继承与发展的双面性。借鉴主要表现为辞句与形象、修辞手法与遣词用语以及哲学观念方面的顺应天命的时命观,而发展表现为语言形式上的百川汇海式变化,以及主旨方面将《庄子》的无功利主义发展为功利主义。

Jia Yi had a smooth career in the early stage,and was later demoted to Changsha.In order to dispel the frustration of his official career,he chose to learn from Zhuangzi.Based on Jia Yi’s own political idea,personal experience and the cultural atmosphere of Daoism flourishing at that time,the reference of Fu of Birds of Prey to Zhuangzi presents both inheritance and development.References are mainly manifested in terms and images,rhetorical techniques and wording,and philosophical concepts in conforming to the destiny of time and destiny,while development is manifested in the change of language form and style,and the change of theme from non-utilitarianism to utilitarianism.