新中国旅游研究历史演进的个体记忆(下)——一项来自刘德谦先生的口述史研究

Individual Memory of the Historical Evolution of Tourism Research in China (Ⅱ):A Study on Liu Deqian’s Oral History

中国现代旅游学术研究肇始于20世纪70年代,现已逐渐构建起结构清晰的多元化理论体系框架。基于个体视角,运用口述史方法和文献分析法,对新中国第一代旅游教育的躬耕者和现代旅游学术研究的先行者之一——刘德谦的学术研究历程和学术思想的脉络进行了分析,意在据此管窥出中国旅游研究的演进历程。可以发现,刘德谦进入旅游研究领域的过程有着明显的阶段性,研究领域涉及历史、文学、农业、地理学、休闲学等多个学科领域;同时,在长期的旅游教育和研究实践中形成了"深化理论,贴合现实:理论联系实际的研究视野""跨界联合,完善学科:跨学科研究与学术共同体思想""以人为本,尊重他人:意在推动学科的更大繁荣"等鲜明的学术思想。

Since the late 1970 s, after more than 40 years of development, China’s tourism research has gradually defined its own independent research subjects and developed a clear and solid fundamental theoretical system. Through oral history interviews and textual historical data research, this paper seeks to extract the most accurate and detailed history and social memory from Liu Deqian, a leading authority in Chinese tourism education and tourism research development. This paper digs deep into his academic research history, reviews his proposed solutions to practical problems in tourism, and summarizes his academic thoughts. Furthermore, it aims to use the collected information to restore more of the historical outlook of China’s tourism disciplines and tourism research development. The social relations and cultural background will be analyzed further in order to provide reference and promote the future development of China’s tourism discipline and academic research. Liu Deqian’s academic research is divided into three stages:(1) 1980 s-early 1990 s, when he mainly focused on tourism culture and tourism history;(2) 1990 s-early 21 st century, when he mainly focused on tourism industry development practices;and(3) the beginning of the 21 st century-present, as he conducts in-depth research on the entire tourism industry as well as its theoretical issues. In addition to the academic research, Liu Deqian also participated in research on tourism development practice issues such as the construction of tourism disciplines, the debates regarding the "Golden Week" and paid vacation system, the establishment of the "China Tourism Day", and the review of national tourism standards. Liu Deqian’s academic research and research intervention on practical problems show that he is a scholar who not only devotes himself to academic inquiry, but also ensures that he puts what he has learned into practice. In light of this, the study analyzes Liu Deqian’s academic thoughts in tourism research, including his research vision of integrating theory with practice;interdisciplinary research and academic community thoughts;and the principle of putting people first, respecting others, and striving to promote the greater advancement of tourism as a discipline. Looking at Liu Deqian’s academic history, combined with China’s tourism education and academic development process, the academic growth path of the first generation of tourism scholars can be summarized as: traditional discipline → "+ tourism" → "tourism +" → tourism discipline. Under the leadership of the first generation of tourism scholars, the discipline has gradually matured and already established a universal theoretical foundation and a relatively consistent set of disciplines in research fields. Indeed, a relatively independent field of tourism is taking shape.