以危险方法危害公共安全罪的谨慎判定--以醉驾案件为切入点

Careful Judgment of the Crime of Endangering Public Safety by Dangerous Means--Starting with the Case of Drunk Driving

以危险方法危害公共安全罪因缺乏明确的判定标准,在实践中易被恣意滥用,不仅造成同样案件不同定性的司法乱象,也使得刑事立法的精准应用举步维艰。为规范适用此罪,在刑事理论和实务中应当明晰此罪的性质特征,以此为基石,运用阶梯式分析法,从客观到主观,搭建起这一罪名的具体判定标准。以危险方法危害公共安全罪中"公共安全"的实质应为不特定的多数人生命、健康安全,重大公私财产安全仅作为附随品保护。"其他危险方法"具有双重标准,即性质上必须具有独立性、特定结果性、行为失控性,程度上要满足结果发生的直接迅速性和高度可能性要求。《刑法》第一百一十四条和第一百一十五条第一款所涉本罪的主观故意应当采取"以客观推定主观"方式予以确定。

The crime of endangering public security by dangerous means is abused arbitrarily in practice due to the lack of clear judgment criteria,which not only causes the judicial disorder of different qualitative characteristics of the same case,but also makes the precise application of criminal legislation difficult.In order to standardize the application of this crime,it is necessary to clarify the attributes of the crime in criminal theory and practice.Taking this as the foundation stone,to set up the specific criteria for the crime.The essence of"public security"in the crime is the the safety of life and health of unknown and most people,and the safety of major public and private property is only as collateral protection."Other dangerous methods"have the double standard,that is,they must be independent in nature,specific outcome,behavior out of control,and have the direct and rapid occurrence of the result and high possibility in degree.Article 114 and article 115,paragraph 1,of the criminal law shall determine the subjective intention of the crime concerned by means of"objective presumption of subjectivity".