贮存年份对北艾和蕲艾精油成分与抑菌活性的影响研究

Effect of storage years on the chemical components and antibacterial activity of essential oils in Artemisia argyi(Beiai and Qiai)

本文采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取了贮存0、1、2年的北艾和蕲艾精油,采用GC-MS检测精油化学成分,选取10种常见细菌,检测了其抗菌谱和最小杀菌浓度。结果发现:0、1年份北艾精油中小分子挥发性物质较多,随着贮存年份的增加,大分子挥发性物质随之增加;侧柏酮为蕲艾的特有成分。0年份艾叶精油的抑菌活性较高,对沙门菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门菌耐药菌、绿脓杆菌均具有抑制作用。综上,不同贮存年份和品种的艾叶精油在化学成分、抗菌谱和抑菌活性方面均存在差异,综合考虑精油含量和抑菌活性,以0年份的北艾为原料提取精油最佳。

The effects of different storage years on chemical components and the antibacterial activities of essential oils in Artemisia argyi(Beiai and Qiai)were studied to provide data references for screening the better antimicrobial activity of Artemisia.The essential oils of Beiai and Qiai in 0,1st,and 2nd years were extracted by water distillation.The chemical compositions of essential oils were identified by GC-MS.To study the antibacterial activity of the essential oils,10 kinds of common bacteria were selected,and the antibacterial spectrum and minimum bactericidal concentration of the essential oils were detected.The results showed that storage years affect the chemical compositions and bacteriostasis activity of the essential oils of Beiai and Qiai.The GC-MS and compounds analysis results showed that the small molecules of volatile substances were higher in the 0 and 1st years of Beiai than others.With the increase of storage years,the content of macromolecular volatile substances increased.Compared with Beiai,thujone was found only in Qiai.The results of the antimicrobial spectrum showed that the essential oil of the Artemisia argyi family has a wide antimicrobial spectrum,but there are differences.Among the different storage years,the antibacterial activity of the Artemisia argyi family in year 0 was best among them.The essential oil of Beiai and Qiai has better antibacterial effects on Salmonella,Bacillus subtilis,Salmonella-resistant bacteria and Pseudomona aeruginosa.A comprehensive analysis of essential oil content and antibacterial activity showed that the essential oil of Beiai in year 0 was the best choice.