从中国国情看马克思主义中国化的文化背景

Concerning the Cultural Background of Sinicization of Marxism from the Perspective of China’s National Conditions

马克思主义的中国化,意味着马克思主义必须有机地融入中国文化及其传统。因此,从中国国情的角度了解并把握中国文化的特质,对于深入阐释马克思主义中国化在学理上的可能性具有重要的前提意义。土地、农民、儒学,既是中国国情的特点,又塑造着中国传统文化本身。从明清之际的"西学中源"说,到晚近的"马克思主义中源"说,虽然是特定历史语境中的某种文化心态的反映,但也从某个侧面折射着马克思主义中国化的可能性。以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人之所以能够创造性地实现马克思主义中国化,其重要原因之一就在于他们熟谙中国国情。由中国国情所塑造的中国文化背景,在自觉和无意识的双重意义上,决定了马克思主义中国化的可能性。

The sinicization of Marxism means that Marxism must be organically integrated into Chinese culture and its traditions. Therefore, understanding and grasping the characteristics of Chinese culture from the perspective of China’s national conditions is of important premise significance for further explaining the theoretical possibility of Marxism in China.Land, peasants and Confucianism are not only the characteristics of China’s national conditions, but also shaping Chinese traditional culture itself. From the theory of"the Chinese origin of western learning"in Ming and Qing Dynasties to the theory of"the Chinese origin of Marxism"in recent times, although it reflects a certain cultural mentality in a specific historical context,it also reflects the possibility of sinicization of Marxism from a certain aspect. One of the important reasons why Chinese communists represented by Mao Zedong can creatively realize the sinicization of Marxism is that they are familiarity with China’s national conditions. The Chinese cultural background shaped by China’s national conditions determines the possibility of sinicization of Marxism in both conscious and unconscious senses.